Modern Chinese Political Factions, Political Attitude And Strategy Towards Japan

Sino-Japanese relations went back to ancient times,with several thousand years of history,but modern Sino-Japanese relations began in 1871,when the two countries signed friendly regulations. Although the two countries are neighbors,which was called narrow strip of water,the modern Chinese people's understanding of Japan still had a feeling of every ten heavy fog.This is mainly because,on the one hand,by celestial on the Chinese people and the barriar of concept,which regarded the difference between China and other nations,on the other hand,because since the invasion of capitalism in the West,the East Asian countries were basically in a state of self-isolation. Access to modern times,China and Japan have become the target of aggression and oppression by Western capitalist countries.Thus their respective long-closed state were broken,the exchanges between China and Japan began to increase,and thus the Chinese people's understanding of Japan increased.Before the trend of western Learning,Japan and the Qing government showed a different attitude.Japan followed the general trend of world development,Mingzhi Restoration,quickly embarked on the capitalist road of development.In 1871,Japan estabished foreign relation with Qing government signing the Sino-Japanese friendly regulations by using peaceful way.but Japan has demonstrated highly aggressive ambition.In 1874,Japan launched a campaign to invade Taiwan,so relation with Japan has become an important part during China's foreign relations in modern times,which greatly affected attitude by China's government,which has become an important layer, when they made foreign decisions.so Japan became an important factor that can not be ignored during their decision-making.From 1874 to 1915 period Japan launched Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War,during which China circle and politicians in general experienced realization from igorance of Japan to admiration of Japan,then from admiration of Japan to revenge of Japan. However,there were a part of political leaders who they had the thought of Union of Japan and anti-Japan.Period from 1915 to 1937 is a turning point of the development of Sino-Japanese relations.In 1915,Japan put forward 21 requirements and forced China to accept it,which exposed Japan ambitions to dominate China,and made Chinese people had to re-examine their own neighbor-Japan. Since then.Despite Japan continued to transform the means and strategies of invasion of China,the haze of 21 requirements in the eyes of the Chinese people can not always be erased, regardless of China's intellectual or political faction in government,they basically held the attitude of prevention and vigilance to Japan.In the reign of the Northern Government,with the exception of the Government Duan carried out short-term pro-Japanese policy,the warlord Yuan Shikai Group showed attitude of hostility to Japan and anti-Japanese in practice.It was clearly shown during the process of the negotiation of 21 requirements between Yuan Shikai Group and Japan.As the immediate leader Feng Guo-Zhang and Wu Pei-Fu of warlords,they showed their anti-Japanese attitude during the events such as war problem that China should join in the First World War or not and Sino-Japanese Military Agreement,etc.Wu Pei-Fu resulted in a series of confrontation in term of Shandong problem not only because of the immediate benefits with Wan warlord and Feng warlord who were supported by Japan in support of between the,but also the thought of patriotism and national composition of the existence.Although Zhang Zuo-lin,the lead of Feng warlord,relied on the support of Japan and showed its moderate attitude,it tried to prevent its aggression all the time. the Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek,leaders of The KMT,also had a profound understanding of the ambition of the Japanese invasion to China.Sun Yat-sen's,although he always struggled to seek Japan's support to the Chinese revolution,but it does not mean that he lacked any awareness of Japan's aggression.The key problem lies in the fact that,on the one hand,he wanted Japan's help,he dare not condemn Japan's aggression.against China too much,so all of his attitude to Japan embodies the contradiction.During the period of Nationalist government,from Jinan Massacre in 1928 to the North China Incident in 1935,policy makers of the KMT regarded Japan as the imaginary country,so they made defensive preparations in military and diplomatic strategy mainly in order to defend against Japan as their keynote;from the North China Incident to Marco Polo Bridge Incident in1937,they took a relatively pro-active coping strategies in the ideological and spiritual preparation. To a large extent,since 1915 Japan proposed 21 requirements to China,until outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in1937,Chinese foreign policy in fact focused on Japan.Its central elements lie in what principles the Chinese Government should base on,and in what manner,what policies, diplomatic means and strategies Chinese government should take to prevent and stop the pace of Japan's aggression.The attitude to Japan of Modern Chinese political faction leaders on the day is bound to be reflected in their decision-making and policy towards Japan.But their attitude naturally are influenced by many factors and constraints,which affect the government's decision-making.Factors from the outside were the international situation,the status and history of foreign relations position;The ones from the internal point of view were the working class and corporate interests,partisan struggle and political struggle,public opinion,policy-makers conditions.Research on foreign policy must take into account the specific impact of these factors effect and the effect of the combined effects,which carried out diplomatic activities on the country's decision-making background and true motives. Overall,three major factors impact the Chinese government decision-making,namely,Chinese nationalism vigorous development,China's internal political divisions and factions within the ruling class struggle,and the European powers and the Soviet Union(USSR) on the situation in the Far East impact.But one thing needed to be noted is that since the Mukden Incident,with Japanese aggression against China to deepen,not only the further development of Chinese nationalism,China all strata of society,various groups and various political factions re-adjust their own attitudes,brewing a new division and composition.And furthermore the Soviet Union,Europe and the United States policy toward China gradually became positive from negative,which greatly affected the Chinese Government's attitude towards Japan and its policy to Japan.