A Study On The Factors Affecting The Social-Emotional Development Of Toddlers At The Age Of 12 To 36 Months In China

ObjectiveBased on the characteristics of temperament, behavior and the parenting style and used the system ecosystem theorise to study on the factors affecting the social-emotional development of toddlers at the age of 12 to 36 month , so as to get science basis for promoting toddlers'healthy social-emotional development in China.MethodsFirst,the number of 5,784 toddlers aged 12 to 36 months were involved by random cluster sampling as study objects which were chose from the number of the 14 large and medium-sized cities in the number of 6 administrative region in China. Then, after the chose toddlers were learned in their families'background by the questionnaire of demographic which established by ourselves, studied their characteristics of temperament by CTTS, behavior by CBCL and their parenting style by the questionnaire of parenting style, the main affecting factors on their social-emotional development were analysed by using the method of the binary logistic regression and the structural equation model. Last, the affecting factors of social-emotional development were comprehensive studied by genetic and environmental point of view based on the result of the statistics.Results(1) Through the results of the binary logistic regression, the affecting factors of the heredity and environment on externalizing incidence of social-emotional development of Chinese toddlers were foud at first, which included their age, gender, activity levels, apporoach and withdrawal, adaptability, mother's education level and refused , punishment of the parenting style. Second, taddlers'activity level, apporoach and withdrawal, quality of mood, the parenting style of the overly concerned with the protection and control, refused and pressure were foud as the affecting factors on the internalizing incidence. Third, the results also revealed that the toddlers'rhythmicity, intensity of reaction, quality of mood and the parenting style of punishment were always lead to the incidence of the deregulation incidence of social-emotional development. In the end, the binary logistic result told us that toddlers'gender, age, apporoach and withdrawal, persistence, threshold of responsiveness, the parenting of refused, encourage independence and explore and low-voltage-induced all can lead to the incidence of the competence.(2) The degree of effect caused by genetic and environmental factors on the toddlers'social - emotional development were revealed by the structural equation model. The analytic results suggested that toddlers'social-emotional development were affected by genetic and environmental factors. In these affecting factors, toddlers'gender, behavior and temperament, mothers'education, family income and parenting style were all play the different degree of direct effect on toddlers'social-emotional development. Otherwise, the quality of mood, depression, apporoach and withdrawal, sleeps problems, somatic problems and aggressive always played indirect roles with toddlers'social-emotional development through the behavior expression.Conclusions(1) The revision of toddlers'social-emotional assessment scale in China has provided the science quantification tool for screening toddlers'social-emotional development problems.(2) The study of the affecting factors on toddlers'social-emotional development based on the revision of toddlers'social-emotional assessment scale in China provides the scientific basis for regulation and control toddlers'social-emotional development in the critical period.(3) According to the temperament characteristics of toddlers, it is obvirously that the toddlers'healthy social-emotional development can be promoted by continuously renewing the parenting principle, well makeing use of a family reasonable resource and carrying on an exactitude leading.InnovationThis study was not only the first time to assess the toddlers'social-emotional incidence in the critical period of their development by using the"Social-Emotional Assessment Scale of Chinese toddler at age of 12~36months", but also application of the ecosystems theories to explore the affecting factors of social-emotional development comprehensively based on this revised scale. Otherwise, this study was laying a workable basis for using of favorable affecting factors and overcoming the adverse of it to regulate and control toddlers'healthy social -emotional development.