Comparative Research On Zhongyuan Yinyun And Hongwu Zhengyun

Zhongyuan Yinyun is a masterpiece of epoch-making significance in the phonologicalhistory of Chinese,which completely breaks away the traditional phonological stereotypesand examines the pronunciation and revises the rhyme according to the Yuan Dynasty's realvoice and leaves us with the real records about Chinese phonology.Yan Xue Qun thought itwas the third brilliant landmark after Shijing and Guangyun.Therefore,Zhongyuan Yinyunis very important for the latter-day phonological history of Chinese.Hongwu Zhengyun is aofficial rhyme book in the early Ming Dynasty issued by Zhu Yuan Zhang.On the surface,it brought out later 51years then Zhongyuan Yinyun,but its Ping tone was not classified intoYin Ping tone and Yang Ping tone,its entering tone was retained.So opinions varied aboutthe phonological nature of Hongwu Zhengyun.Academic circles must come dowm onZhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun as long as people talk about the latter-dayphonology.Some thought Hongwu Zhengyun was born out of Zhongyuan Yinyun,othersthought Hongwu Zhengyun was a mixture between the south and the north mandarin,aswas not known which was right and which was wrong.Although the prior attached greatimportance to the study on Zhongyuan Yinyun,and made some great achievement,thestudy on Hongwu Zhengyun was comparatively weaker.Especially very few peopleconducted a comprehensively comparative study on the phonological system of them.Whatwas more,the means of research were relatively backward.We make a comparative and systemic study on Zhongyuan Yinyun and HongwuZhengyun,which not only contribute to analyze on the phonological system betweenZhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun and to decide the the phonological attribution,but also has something with the evolution of the latter-day phonological history of Chinese.Therefore,We collated Zhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun,taking the editionof Ne'an Zhongyuan Yinyun and Long Qing Hongwu Zhengyun as the master,referringother editions.Then,we digitized the texts of Zhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun, adopting advanced computer-aid research for our methods.In the meanwhile,we madesome databases such as Xiao Yun(小韻)and rhyme observing system of Zhongyuan Yinyun,Xiao Yun(小韻)and rhyme observing system of Hongwu Zhengyun,phonological contrastobservation systems between Hongwu Zhengyun and Zhongyuan Yinyun,and Fanqie inconjunction research procedures and so on,accordance with the different structures andfunction demands.Using the above-mentioned methods we conducted a comprehensivespecific comparative research such as the rhyme character,the initial system and the finalsystem and so on.We reached the following main conclusions:1.Although the writers came from the south,the starting points all were to regulate thepronunciation,there were some differences on background,writing aim,style,spreadingeffect and so on.2.On the initial system,Zhongyuan Yinyun reflected universe devoicing,and Voicedconsonants disappearing,however Zhongyuan Yinyun reflected part devoicing,Voicedconsonant remaining.The phonological evolution trend underwent the same way,except forthe distributing extend and the entering rhyme character,for instance,the initial groups ofzhi(知),zhuang(莊),zhang(章)became one group,fei(非),fu(敷)became one group,yi(疑),ying(影),yu(喻)blended,ni(泥),niang(娘)blended,etc.The initial groups yi(疑)and yu(喻)were blended,most yi(疑)initial were blended with ying(影)and yu(喻)initial,a few yi(疑)initial were vestigital in Zhongyuan Yinyun;a few yi(疑),ying(影),yu(喻)initial were blended,most of them were antitheses.The initial groups of jian(見)stillnot palatalized,the wei(微)initial were still remained.3.On the final system,there were obvious differences on the numbers of Yun Bu,butZhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun were alike expert for slight differences on XiaoYun(小韻):they were nearly equal on the numbers of Yun Bu which came from themediaeval times,and they reflected the pattern of blending and separating;only were theirdistributing scope and embodying characters different,sometimes Zhongyuan Yinyun developed faster,and Hongwu Zhengyun embodied more rhyme characters,while HongwuZhengyun developed faster on some phonetics phenomenon.4.On the tone system,in Zhongyuan Yinyun,the Ping tone has separated into Yin Pingtone and Yang Ping tone,Zhuo Shang Gui Qu(濁上歸去),the entering tone has beenassigned into the Yang Ping tone,the Shang tone and the Qu tone.In Hongwu Zhengyun,thecategory of the tone still were the Ping tone,the Shang tone,the Qu tone and the enteringtone,the Ping tone has not separated into Yin Ping tone and Yang Ping tone.5.We proposed our opinion on the phonological attribution of Zhongyuan Yinyun andZhongyuan Yinyun on the base of phonological analysis.The phonological system ofZhongyuan Yinyun recorded the basic circurstumes of the early Ming Mandarin,whileZhongyuan Yinyun reflected the sound of the North.This paper has acquired following innovated achievements on the basic of formerscholar:1.We firstly made a comparative and systemic study on Zhongyuan Yinyun andHongwu Zhengyun,which not only made up for a deficiency of the existent latter-dayphonological research,but also has significance for the evolution of the latter-dayphonological history of Chinese.2.We made a digitization settlement on Zhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyunwith computer,and first made a achievement in transforming between two absolutelydifferent styles rhyme books.3.we made some groping in processing the Chinese character in computer,which notonly laid the first stone for our research but also provided some reference for the otherrhyme books' digitization.4.We Compared the fan qie shang zi of Hongwu Zhengyun with Guang Yun bycomputer exhaustedly,we found that Hongwu Zhengyun reflected the voicelessliationphenomenon such as the mixed using between the voiced consonant and the voicelessconsonant,the changes of"Ping Zhuo Song QI,Ze Zhuo Bu Song Qi"and the changesfrom shang tone of voiced consonant to Qu tone and so on. 5.We painted the relationship forms of Hongwu Zhengyun and Zhongyuan Yinyunabout the initial,the final and the tone,which displayed the phonological structure ofZhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun all-around.This paper has 9 chapters of about 150,000 words.The following are the main pointswith a brief summary of the contents:Chaper1:Introduction.We Introduced the the origin and significance of the researchsubject,stated the research status at home and abroad,and illustrate the direction,thematerials used and methods in this chapter;Chaper2:The overview of Zhongyuan Yinyunand Hongwu Zhengyun.We outlined the author,the writing background,the purpose,thecourse,the spreading effects,the historical status of Zhongyuan Yinyun and HongwuZhengyun,and so on;Chaper3:The description of the material's digitalization process.Weintroduced the electronic text processing,the database and the query system design,linkedFanqie computer processing,and the collation of Zhongyuan Yinyun and HongwuZhengyun;Chaper4:The comparation of the initial system between Zhongyuan Yinyun andHongwu Zhengyun.We summarized the the similarities and differences from devoicing,theinitial groups of zhi(知),zhuang(莊),zhang(章),labial division,and so on,to draw on thecharacteristics of the consonant system;Chaper5:The comparison of the final systembetween Zhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun.We compared the differences from thenumber of Yun Bu,the Xiao Yun(小韻)groups of each Yun Bu,the middle and so on tosummarize the similarities and differences of the vowel system;Chaper6:The comparisonof the tone system between Zhongyuan Yinyun and Hongwu Zhengyun;Chaper7:Thecomparison of the homophony syllabary between Zhongyuan Yinyun and HongwuZhengyun;Chaper8:The discussion about the attribution of Zhongyuan Yinyun andHongwu Zhengyun;Chaper9:Conclusion.We summed up the results of research on thesubject,and look ahead the future efforts.