Basic-level Society's Power And Controlling In Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty is an important development period in Chinese ancient history. The Song Dynasty government dominate country by instructing basic-level organization in order to control basic-society. And it give active place to the civil power.The Song Dynasty government administrated native place system, Baojiazhang and Qizhang collected payments of taxes and controlled the local public security as the leader of the folk. No matter how the formation of village basic-level organization changed , the only purpose is to get taxes income, to sustain the public security and the normal orders in the village. In order to obtain the purpose, the government strengthened the control of the village basic-level control.In the widely basic-society, besides the village basic-level organization, there are still many civil organizations formed by wealthy people affected to great extent to the village basic-level control.. The kind of this civil organizations has great influence to the basic-society. The kind of this civil organizations is blooming, many of them have their own rules. This rules have regulations for their formers. Once the formers have quarrel, the leader who would become the authoritative with the controlling power. The civil organizations is important to resupply the basic-level organization. Most of them are in the same benefit to the basic-level organization. The civil organizations gather the public by many ways, otherwise , reduce the gap between rich and poor by helping each other economically, lead to release the unstable course; or reducing the illegal phenomenon by limiting the public under the country power; or make the basic-society steady by self-protect. The kinds of civil organizations affect and infiltrate each other, keeping on controlling basic-society together.In Song Dynasty basic-society, the essence of Buddhism , Taoism, civil faith, are important for adjust psychology and standard actions.Besides the village basic-level organization functioned a lot, the formation and development of wealthy people affected to great extent to the village basic-level control. The wealthy people not only was the main body of governmental taxes, but the delegation of local patriarchal clan, at the same time they became the main depending power of local charitable enterprise, all of these made they lead the village. The wealthy people took part in village social control business, some of whom took on the duties from the government, some of whom controlled the inside members and the villagers, some of whom built the local defending system in the village. In one word. the wealthy people played an important role in it.Whereas , the wealthy people only existed as a kind of folk power, they took part in local security business because they lived in local place, on contrary of the governmental power, they were passive. The wealthy people was just an important part of village social control, the growth of them was in the scale with permissions of the country.