Qing Dynasty Suiyuan City Stationed Study

Guihua city is located in the center of Inner Mongolia, which is on the vital communication line from the Central Plains to the northwest of China, therefore its strategic position is of great importance. To meet the need of the war against Junghar, the early Qing Dynasty set up General Jianwei quartering at the right defense in the 31st year of Kangxi Emperor (1692) and General Anbei at Guihua in the 32nd year of Kangxi Emperor (1693).Later, due to the situation of the war in the northwest, temporary troops were stationed in the Guihua area for many times to safeguard the stability of the northern frontier. In the early years of Qianlong Emperor, the Qing government had Suiyuan City built to the northeast of Guihua City, moving General Jianwei of the right defense here, setting up Suiyuan garrison troops against Junghar to bring Mongolia into control.The setting of Suiyuan garrison underwent a transformation from temporary garrison to permanent one, from against Khalkha to against Junghar. After its setting , the functions and powers of General of Suiyuan City was unceasingly extended and gradually nibbled the traditional power of Tumote Tribe. So its functions and powers enlarged greatly. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, General of Suiyuan City not only possessed the authority of governing the two Banners of Tumote Tribe, but also controlled Wulunchubul and Yikezhao Leagues, restraining the departments of the prefectures along the border, which made it transfer from a pure military garrison into an administration system governing both military and civil affairs, combined military and administrative affairs into one, and focused on military affairs mainly. In a word, General of Suiyuan City became the supreme official in charge of military and administrative affairsl of that area.As an important military base in Inner Mongolia area of Qing Court, Suiyuan City played a significant role in conquering Mongolia and preserving its domination in Mongolia region. On the basis of documentary materials and former researches, the author analyzes the causes, the process, the organization, the running mechanism and General's functions of the garrison in Suiyuan City, trying to describe the development of historical path of the garrison in Suiyuan City so as to have a better understanding about the evolution of the Qing Dynasty's policy of governing Mongolia.This article contains three parts: the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. The introduction is mainly about the nuclear problems, the status quo, the methods, the difficult and important points and the history resources of the research; Besides, it also makes a definition about the garrison institution in Suiyuan City and the changes of the names of General in Suiyuan City. In Chapter One, the author firstly makes a description about the general situation of Inner Mongolia before the garrison was set up in Suiyuan City, and then talks about the historical position of Guihua City. In the last part of this chapter, the author makes an argument about Inner Mongolia united by Huangtaiji Emperor and his ruling policy over Tumote tribe in Guihua City. The Second chapter deals with the formation of the Guihua City region's strategic position in history, the evolution of Guihua City from temporary garrison to permanent one and the construction process of Suiyuan City. The third chapter explains the reasons for the setting of Suiyuan City garrison from the perspectives of politics, economics, religion and military. The fourth chapter is about the organizations and functions of the garrison in Suiyuan City, the governing of the officers, the number of the troops and their pays. The fifth chapter mainly makes a general summary about the functions and powers of General of Suiyuan City in the views of the politics, economics, military, culture, transportation, business, and many other aspects. In the meanwhile the author concerns about the constant expansion of General functions of garrison in Suiyuan City. In the end, the author makes a brief review about the garrison system in Suiyuan City, and gives an analysis about the advantages and disadvantages of the garrison system in Suiyuan City in history. The main opinion of this article is that the garrison set in Suiyuan City was not established abruptly, but was closely connected with the temporary garrisons in the wars against Jungharin in the early Qing Dynasty; On the basis of the garrison of the right defense, temporary garrison was changed into permanent one in Guihua City; The reasons for the city garrison setting should not be a simple linear causal analysis but the result of a variety of several factors; The change of the objects to be on guard should be emphasized in the study and research; The deprivation of the traditional powers of Tumote Tribe by the Qing Dynasty had began from their entry to the central plains through Shanhaiguan, and the deprivation accelerated quickly after the garrison setting in Suiyuan City; The power of Tumote Tribe was deprivated thoroughly in less than 30 years; The functions of Suiyuan City garrison changed greatly at the beginning compared with that of later stage. It evolved from a pure military garrison general to the supreme official in charge of military and administrative affairsl of that area, and the author analyzes this process in greater detail. In addition, to grasp better the character and understand different functions and roles in different periods, the author utilizes achievements in former scientific research, such as literature, geography, military science and other subjects, and make use of the relevant research methods in statistics to give a statistical analysis of the garrison generals in Suiyuan City and the commanders of Guihua City so that we can get a better understanding of the relevant problems of Suiyuan City garrison .