On The Historical Geography Of Tibetan Buddhism In Kham Tibetan Area (8th Century AD-1949)

Kham Tibetan area was the one of the three units of Tibetans' traditional human geography and the Tibetan Buddhism was the main belief of the people living in this region during the historical periods.Tibetan Buddhism's spread in this region has developed from scratch,expanded from small to large and also grown from single to multiple since the 8th century AD.This paper,temple as the researching center,will have a macro discussion about the geography of Tibetan Buddhism in Kham Tibetan area.The paper is divided into seven parts.PartⅠis an introduction part,including the methodology,train of studying thought,relevant scholarly pursuits and research data on "the historical geography of Tibetan Buddhism in Kham Tibetan area",pointing out that is a weak point both in the fields of historical geography and domestic Tibetan studies,but according to the related research results and studying data,summarizing achievements still can be worked out.Chapter 1 studies on the formatted and developed stage of the space developing process of the Tibetan Buddhism(from the 8th century to the middle of the 17th century),besides,basically recovering the space developing process of Ningma,Gaju, Sajia,Gelu and also study the space-time location characteristic of the Tibetan Buddhism temple in Kham Tibetan area by using the relevant data.Chapter 2 carries out the matured and shaped period(from the middle of the 17th century to the year of 1949) of the space development of the Tibetan Buddhism,recovering the space location status of religious denominations temple,so do the characters and the reasons. Chapter 3 studies on the propagation and temple space distribution pattern combined with Chapter 1 and Chapter 2,while studing on several other major cultural factors (eminent monks,rock carvings and academic centers) of Tibetan Buddhism in historical geography aspect.Chapter 4 discusses the inter-related effect between geographical environment and Tibetan Buddhism in Kham Tibetan area,which based on the Modern Religious Geography Theory,meanwhile,covers historical Tibetan Buddhism from the perspective of modern ecological civilization and analysises its meanings to construct modern ecological civilization,as a case,also focus on the analysis of man-land relationship which under the influence of the Tibetan Buddhism. In Chapter 5,according to the theory and method of Modern Human Geography,five sub-areas of Tibetan Buddhism Cultural are divided——Eastern Kham Tibetan area, Southern Kham Tibetan area,Northern Kham Tibetan area,Derge and Changdu, making a brief analysis of characteristics of these five sub-areas and pointing out that Dege plays an important role as a center cultural district of Tibetan Buddhism,At the same time,investigation on historical role and function of Kham Tibetan area in the whole Tibetan Buddhism Culture Cycle are also carried out.The last part is the conclusion part,for the brief summary of the space-time law, main characteristics and historical impact in spreading process during historical periods of Tibetan Buddhism in Kham Tibetan area,moreover,briefly own up the direction on which ought to make great efforts in the future.