| It was different with the western revengeful literature since Renaissance,thatthere was a totally positive comment on revenge in modem Chinese culture andliterature field though modem law had been introduced in the late of the QingDynasty,and the institutional couch of the traditional ethic of revenge had collapsed.Stimulated by defending nation,striving for our motherland and by overturning oldsociety,revanchism of modem China had been ceaselessly spreading,beingimmingled in the extreme trend of political thought,for example nationalism,didacticism,the idea of class struggle and so on. Eventually,it was in the 1930s and1940s,an era of saving our nation from extinction,and in the Liberated Area ofChina,a special governmental territory predominated by class struggle,that itviolently grew a remarkable culture and literature picture characteristic of revanchism.In the liberation area literature,as a kind of pre-modern discourse,revenge has beenamalgamated into these two political discourse struggle for nation and struggle forclass,and been represented a series of factors plot,imago,character,discourse,mind,action,scene,subject matter and narrative pattern. With these factors,authorsstructured a motif of revanchism,which connotes abundant law culture meanings.In the era that Western nomocracy spirit and modem humanities have wongospel status,the value can not be understood,unless it has been proven,although thepolitics reality of"the blood and the fire"as background. This has also decided thatthe revenge subject of liberated area writers must take the justice proof as content,take the legal deduction as recounted enter,then the revenge can be integrated intomodem revolutionary.Fistly,Taking the ancient relief value of the revenge as the narrative premise,theliberated area writers has inserted a dual opposition narrative frame of"moral/law"inits revenge literature texts,and use it to have dug the social politics root of revenge,also has unfolded its realistic rationality. With creating"the bad laws"symbols,"thetorture"scenes,the"lost a lawsuit"events,the"to fear lawsuit"details and "non-lawsuit"spatial molds,the writers have imagined and presented so a villainous,old political system that it has sunk into the moral collapsing condition,and that,ithas not acted"the public revenge"for its people any more,who suffer injusticebecause it has been a source of the evil,a prison of darkness. Finally,they havepresented one mental space in society filled with hatred,which breed revenge.Next,in the revenge literature of liberated area,there was a retribution formula thatreturns the blood by the blood. According to this ancient formula,the liberated areawriters imagined one another"evil"scenes and promoted rational revenge punishmentto a legal Latitude. In this system,tameless revenge began to be induced into rationaltrack. These farmer avengers,not only can control their revenge behavior,but also anpersuade other anger avengers and induced the indignation into rational track. All ortsof revenge measures means that a new"penalty ethics"was finally established. In thecomplex entanglements of revenge,retribution and revolutionize,the traditional ideaof retribution was broken through and surpassed,traditional revenge idea has beenrenewed and changed. The liberated area writer constructed a civilized and rationalnarrative structure. Through this revenge measure,the individual enmity was resolved,moreover,the enmity between national and social class was resolved.Once more,through a series of image of people who are revenged,the liberatedarea writers implied an old local order space which needs to be overthrowed andreconstructed. The revenge value of revenge demonstrated revolutionary enchantment,therefore,the modem revolutionary task had historical necessity and moral justice. Inthis pattern,the restore and subversion value of revenge had significant revolutionarysignificance,accordingly,the revenge subject also had subversion and reconstructionconnotation. In brief,the subversion and reconstruction connotation were formedthrough this way:old order and its symbol that the people who are revenged wereoverthrowed through revenge. In this background,a new political and law systemwould be reconstructed. In this system,the liberated area writers had completelyfulfilled a narrative process of"subversion--reconstruction--reconstruction". In thesame time,the revenge value of order and counter-order were promoted to a new altitude. On this altitude,the modem revolution overthrowed old order,thenreconstructed new order.Finally,with concentrating on the victim's human right and its rationality,theliberaten area writers describe two kinds of suffering bodies among victims of warcrime and povety-sticken oppressed in condition of"not a human"----one is not of ahuman because its right of man has been liminated,and the other is a model who fearsof lawsuit because it lacks individuality. From this,we can realize the value ofrevenge for human right and for individuality arousal. Finally,gestated by politicalideology,modem ideas of human right and enlighement togher,two kinds of historicbody images were born from the revenge flame. In the long standing history ofavenger's bory,this two new boby images that was bom ultimately in the course ofthe transition of traditionalrevanchism to a modem one,discard the primitiveavenger's savagery,and historically transcend the Chinese tranditional avenger's bobycontrolle by patriarchal clan system and feudal ethic. They are real modem human,and in the face of them,we can say that reveng has already been used by liberatedarea writers to create a perfect modem Chinese human who is in individuality arousal,and who is pursued by modem intellectuals. Through this,reveng has won thelegislation of modem in the liberation revengeful literature,and has gained a goodchance to speak to"liberation"again. But,unfortunately,those new bodies created byideology and modem ideas are doomed to take their father's road to nation andcommon,and disquietly,they striding to that rout can not be permitted to come backto take"individuality".In brief,in the narrative premise of relief value,order calue,retribution value andright value,and with the help of all sorts of narrative strategy,the liberated areawriters extract a series of usful connotations from traditional discourse,whichconform with the morals,the legislation and human nature and that can be used topursue modernity,and finally,a revenge subject structure hardly based on the moralityand modernity has been established. Through it,two confict words----"reveng"and"revolution"unified successfully. Based on this,traditional revenge subject hasobtained rich modem meanings and the modem one in the wors of revolution has won bright history characteristics. In the contemporary literature from 1949 to 1978,revanchism values continued,but"the validity"of revenge had not been regarded asthe narrative emphasization by writers,and it was unnecessary demonstrate Goddessof vengeance's charm because the liberated area writers had finished it perfectly.In the era of violent national struggle and class struggle,it is inevitable that thewriters in liberated areas took the argumentation on validity as narrative center inrevenges literature.However,there is no doubt that with the charming of the Nemesis,the theme creation of revenge with recognition and praise also has manyshort-comings,deficiency and even dangers. Taking the relationship between therevenge,retribution and revolution considered,although writers were aware of thenegative effects of private revenges,and showed the rational pursuit of replacingprivate revenges ("revenges as punishment") with public revenges ("penalties asrevenges"),but the theme structure of these literary texts,which focuses on theargumentation on validity,always overweigh the rationality of revenges. That woulddefinitely hinder extending critic space of the subject of revenge literatrue.At thesame time,it is difficult to avoid revenge consciousness in those writers' argument onthe validity of revenges. Such consciousness include"homomorphism revenge"ideas,superstitious thoughts of"the retribution","sure revenge"without mercy and"counterviolence",and they consist violence worships,therefore face the danger that willpromote the non-rational spirits such as fanaticism,paranoid,putschism,andfrenzy,and push forward the ultra-Left trend of thoughts,which trample rationality,civilization and the rule of law. Moreover,considering aesthetic aspects,the themecreation of liberated area's revenge literature has many virtues. Throughreappearances of abundant square law scenes,and through the moldiness of therational avengers 'images,the writers have recorded political and judicial conditionsin one special time,and left behind precious historical documents for those who studyrevolutionary ages. At the same time,they also expanded the avenger characters'camp and renewed traditional avenger's vivid connotation,and successfullyconstructed one narrative structure of public revenges. All these are unprecedentedwithout doubt. But,"one-side"elaborations on the validity of revenges actually hinder writers' esthetics exploration,and the liberated area literature's revenge subjecthad weaknesses such as lacking depth of human nature,and simplification andStereotypes in artistic representation.In the modem history of culture and literature,revenge is not only a noticeablesubject phenomenon,but also an interesting politics and culture phenomenon. In theLiberated area literature,revanchism subject frame was built on politics and authorityideology. It gathered national revenge with social class revenge,personal revengewith public revenge. It affords many treasures for us to study radicalism culture trend.At the same time,it summarizes revenge literature and politics for us,especiallyorderliness and experience in class struggle. In additional,it has provided preciousspecimen and model for us to study radical psychology of Yan'an writers and modemintellectual.
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