The Research Of Chinese Modern Charities

The charities have a long history in china. The rise of charity organizations during the Ming and Qing dynasties is a noticeable phenomenon in the history of Chinese charities. After the Opium War, with the quick change of social context and the impact from the Occident, Chinese charities show a lot of transformations. Not only the traditional charity organizations'functions and relieving measures develop greatly, but also a series of new charity organizations appear. Focusing on the south of Yangtze river during the late Qing dynasty, taking"the traditional charity organizations'development"and"the new charity organizations'appearance"as thought way, the dissertation tries to probe into Chinese modern charities'operation and course of transformation.The dissertation reveals that the south of Yangtze river is the pioneer of charities'modern transformation. During the late Qing dynasty, especially after the Taiping Rebellion, the traditional charity organizations, such as charitable granary and Qi Liu Suo, show some noticeable changes. The new charity organizations, such as Jie Qian Ju , Xi Xin JU, Qian Shan JU and Ji Liang Suo, appear one after another in the south of Yangtze river or its nearby districts, then produce countrywide and long-term influence. Comparing with the charities during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the modern charities show obvious characters: its task is more complicated, relieving object is wider, relieving measures are more active.Basing on clean up the historical facts, the dissertation discuss the questions such as"both support and education","state and society"and"traditional and modern", renew and repair some prevalent opinions. The dissertation point out,"both support and education"has the meaning of rectification and compulsion, its the root of"reeducation through labor"system which appears in the 1950's.In the charities during the late Qing dynasty, the"society"isn't independent of the"state", the charities can not be viewed as"civil society"or"public sphere". Many"modern"charity organizations or relieving measures can find their roots in the"tradition", the view of separate"tradition"and"modern"completely is biased.At last, by researching modern charities and summarizing their experience and lesson, the dissertation brings some advices to current construction of social security and charities. The author hope today's people can absorb some beneficial experience from modern charities, and avoid their shortcomings.