The Study On The Relationship Between Han Dynasty's Folk Force And The Local Polity

Qin and Han Dynasty was the period when Chinese Culture Union basically had its form and the traditional political civilization mode established. In the local society of Han Dynasty, Folk force and official force ,which is the important influencial factor of the local political institution operation, opposed against and cooperated with each other. It set a rough pattern for the development of the folk force and the relationship between the two forces later on, also has an influence on the rural area reform in modern China. Folk Community is a wide-ranged space With abundant content for the common people, A research of the relationship between the folk force and the local polity is a basic point for understanding the folk force and the local government administration of Chinese traditional society.The folk force is an generalization of folk society estate force, as for Han Dynasty, it included the visible force which is constituted of folk Fulao,folk Haoqiang,folk Youxia and folk Scholar, and the invisible force made up of by the common people's mind which was in the form of folk comment and folk belief. The force formed different advantages by the Yuan culture from bloods benefit > morality % vocation > study % opportunity, concreting a kind of folk force which had a comprehensive base and big influence in the society. This force took part in and influenced the local polity from different ways, and the local government took measures of utilization % suppression and limitation. The folk force had been under the control of local political power all the time, forming a kind of structure of "one power, many authorities" in the folk society system and the local polity operation.This paper will focus on the theme of the relationship between the folk force and the local polity to study those influences of the folk force in the local polity and the multi-management measure which the local government adopted under the theory guide in the academic field of the neo-polity history and the society history from the viewpoint of Society-Country, revealed the political participation consciousness of people and the pattern of local society " one power, many authorities" . Concretely speaking, there are six parts in the paper as below:The first chapter "Folk Fulao Force and the local polity" , will mainly study the folk edification force which Folk Fulao formed by the advantage of age,morality and knowledge just as a figure of "elder age and better virtue,more experience". Also, the paper will study how the force participated the local polity by the way of manipulating the folk comment to estimate the local polity, giving some advice to the government for the regional benefit, assisting to pacify the trouble and helping to carry out the political edification. Then, we will conclude that Folk Fulao Force was one of the positive factors which influenced the local polity, although, it was generally under the control of the country power and remained as an important society authority.The second chapter "Folk Haoqiang Force and the local polity" , mainly will discuss how this force kept opposite to the local government and formed a strong social authority and an influencing factor of polity by the way of competition from the land annexing course, counterwork based on the advantages from the strong family clan and the wealth,interfering the local administration. Meanwhile, this part will study how the local government managed this folk force with the measures of the beating and the utilizing, carried out the guideline of punishment or edification & punishment respectively executed by the cruel official or the friendly official to people in the local government administration, then analyzed the feature of the rational administration with obeying the Li, implementing the Law,following the custom which is in the form of the thought "Enforcing the edification then executing the punishment". By these research, we will conclude that Folk Haoqiang was an important factor which influenced the local polity, although, it was generally under the control of the country power and remained as an important society authority.The third chapter "Folk Youxia Force and the local polity ",mainly will center on research how Folk Youxia Force opposed country power and influenced the local polity by the way of intervening the local administration,hiding and gathering the wrongdoer,doing the private enmity and killing, joining the rebelling, analyzed the society authority of this folk force by the main forming way of morality Yuan. Meanwhile, we will study how the local government manage this local force from hitting and suppression to the assimilation and utilization, analyzing the trend of official-to-be and Confucian-to-be of the folk force. At last, we will conclude that Folk Youxia was an important force which influenced the local polity, although, it was generally under the control of the country power and remained as an important society authority.The forth chapter" Folk Scholar Force and the local polity ",mainly study how the folk force exerting the positive and passive influence of the local government administration from two sides such as the social edification including solving the folk disputation,reclaiming the people by its morality,private education and opposing the local government by the way of rejecting the invitation from the official organization,resisting the authority the governor,disturbing the local political administration. Meanwhile, we study how the local government managed this folk force by the measure of polite treatment and certain limitation. Then we will conclude that Folk Scholar was a positive force which influenced the local polity, although, it was generally under the control of the country power and remained as an important society authority.The fifth chapter "Folk Comment Force and the local polity" , mainly will research on how this force exerted the positive and passive influence on the local polity by the way of estimating the local political affairs,mastering the election of Xiangli,directing and predicting the future political trend, focused on discerning the phenomena of more raising but less critics,the main reason of falsifying the public opinion and its influence on the local polity. Meanwhile, we will research into the local government that how to utilize and control the folk comment by the way of collecting the custom and poem,respecting the rural remark. Then we will conclude that Folk Comment was an important force which influenced the local polity, although, it was generally under the control of the country power and remained as an important society authority.The sixth chapter "Folk Belief Force and the local polity" ,mainly will research into common people exert a positive influence on the local polity by sacrificing the virtual and able official of the local area to raise the good polity,responding to the official belief from the folk belief; also study that common people exert a passive influence on the local polity by making use of the Xiwangmu belief,multi-god worship,Chengyangjingwang sacrifice,Hanshi custom tabu,and so on. Meanwhile, we will analyze and discuss the two-side measure of utilization and limitation which the local government officials take to manage the Folk Belief, and reveal the aspect of rational administration of the local government in Han Dynasty. Then we will conclude that Folk Belief was an important force which influenced the local polity, although, it was generally under the control of the country power and remained as an important society authority.