The Humanism Side Of The Modern Chinese History Under The Trend Of Anti

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and at the Beginning of the Republic, the Chinese traditional history was undergoing an important transformation. During this period, history began to get rid of the shackle of the tradition. Under the guide of the modern science, the modern Chinese history soon embarked on a scientific path, the natural scientific tendency and the social scientific tendency of the modern history were the two kinds of important history at that time. However, under the trend of the scientific history, there still existed the other kind of history: Humanist Historiography. At the beginning of the 20 century, the humanist historiography didn't catch hold of the heart of the historian, so it was criticized as the reactive and the uncultured side. Actually, although the humanist historiography didn't represent the mainstream, it had an important meaning of long-term development of the construction of the modern history, and it offered logical ingredient for the development of the history. The re-consider of the character of the history and the discussion between reality and utility, the emphasis of the Historian's Subjective Consciousness, all showed deep humanistic concern and very import for the development of the modern history.Zhang Taiyan was the first people who pay attention on the importance to the humanist historiography, except the influence of the west knowledge, he also take notice of the traditional humanities. The School of Thought in Traditional Chinese Culture not only emphasizes reality but also the utility, sometimes pay more attention on the utility. Because of the love of the tradition, Zhang Taiyan didn't agree with the thought of Gu Jie-gang. And also because of the love of the tradition, they didn't agree with the conception of Evolutional History by Liang Qichao.The real humanism movement of the modern history began at the journal of The Critical Review; beside absorbed of the traditional humanism; they also absorbed Irving Babbitt's new humanism. They tried to use the value of rational to change the unbalance of the moral and the catabolism of the humanism from the abuse of the utility. The new humanism not only accepted by his Chinese students, but also instructed to china and inherited by the Journal of Historical and Geographical Society, History Magazine, Airs of the States, Thought and Times which were founded by Liu Yizheng and his students. The humanism movement was transferred from the field of literature to history. As an important member of the Critical of Review, Liu Yizheng gradually formed his special humanism with the academic communication of Wu Mi and Mei Guangdi, he became the elite and the spiritual leader of the Southeast School, and played an important role of the humanism tradition.As the main force of the Southeast School, Liu Yizheng and his students had its unique understanding of history, and originated a new rode of the study of history. During 1921-1925, they initiated three challenges to the Ku-shih-pien School. On the Journal of Historical and Geographical Society, Liu Yizheng challenged the Ku-shih-pien School for two times. One criticism pointed to the study of the ancient philosophical works by Hu Shi, the other criticism pointed to the problem of Shuo Wen by Gu jiegang. The last criticism occurred between Liu Shanli and Gu Jiegang, all these three challenges formed the only positive academic confrontation communication Between the Peking University and the Southeast University. Secondly, in understanding of the nature of historiography, the Southeast School didn't agree to the historians of science in particular are equivalent to the natural sciences opinion. They not only emphasized the link between science and history, but also pay attention to the distinction. On the basis of the reality, they emphasized the humanities of history. Thirdly, the Southeast School didn't agree with the opinion that the study only for study, in the pursuit of the subjective knowledge of history, The Southeast School didn't have much difference between the main historiography. However, they paid more attention to promote the utility of history. Seeking the truth was the primary objective of their historical research, but it was not the ultimate goal of historical research. Besides seeking the truth, there still more significant point to be done. Obtained at an objective knowledge of history, the historian should be beneficial to the community life. Fourthly, the Southeast School criticized the conception that the history is the historical materials. They made the conception of history refined. Historian, history, and historical materials related to the concept of a strict distinction and pointed out that history is composed by a number of historical facts, but it is not a simple accumulation of facts, there still have mutual relations and other issues to be dealt with. Simply rely on existing materials can not be revert history, historians must reflect on the basis of the materials. The southeast School had done some amendment at the same time, and it was useful to the clearance and the development of the history. Since then, Qian Mu and Fu Sinian each represented the two kinds of history, after the construction of the Republic of China, Qian and Fu one went to Taiwan, one went to the Horig Kong to colonize their research. Such differences were not even disappeared due to Fu's gone; the two sides utilize Hong Kong and Taiwan as the position to continue their research.The School of Thought in Traditional Chinese Culture, the Southeast School and the Neo-Confucianism which were delegated by Zhang Taiyan, Liu Yizhen and Qian Mu were a potential undercurrent of humanism history in modem Chinese history, its appearance certainly had a certain degree of rationality. It inherited the traditional heritage of Songxue, it also absorbed the new humanism and anti-rationalism, while the national crisis provided realistic basis in a special environment. Compared with scientific history, we find that humanist historians have the following characteristics: Although the history of humanism and historical materialism has the same idea in some respects, such as the emphasis of the utility, the emphasis of the people and the philosophy, humanist history still has some kinds of limitation and weakness. Relative to the social scientific history, it opposed to the universal law of history, and eventually integrated into mentalist. Relative to the natural sciences of historiography, one emphasized general history, utility and one emphasized special history and reality.Of course, the humanism side of the modern Chinese history didn't reprehensive the mainstream history and also had its limitations. When emphasized the differences between history and natural science, although they admitted its reality, limited it into some scope, what means limitation of their theory. Beside, they over-emphasized the moral and due the development of the history to the psychological and subjective aspects of people, which slumped into idealist trap.