Research Of Environmental And Design On Public Activities In Song Yuan Ming And Qing Dynasty

Song Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasty are regarded as a period when Chinese traditional public activities were in the full swing, along with which came the fast development and change of environment and design of public activities. In this thesis, the author targets at the environment and design of public activities in these four dynasties to further explore the developing trace and trend of the times of such design. Since the environment and design of public activities involves many aspects, the analysis and exploration are conducted from four perspectives, namely Festival Culture, Etiquette Culture, Religious Culture and Commercial Culture.The research is conducted in three steps. First of all, reference materials of premises where public activities took place in Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties are collected, organized and summarized so as to picture the physical environment and premise scope of the public activities. Then, emphasis is put on the interactive relationship between people and environment. Analyses are made both on how people feel in the environment of public activities and how activities influence the environment and design. Lastly, the author puts such environment and design under the space-time of Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties. By objective value determination, rules and features of such design are accurately extracted.Through research, the author finds that the development and formation of the environment and design of public activities in Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties actually resulted from the ever richer and rigorous development of public activities in that period. While inheriting the traditional environmental design, such design has also changed and innovated along with the times. The main characteristics of the design in this period include:1. Focus on the tolerance of space. From the perspective of physical space, one same space could hold the occurrence of various kinds of public activities. From the non-physical space perspective, the space also implicitly contains the cultural space.2. Cultural connotation of the activity space is emphasized by using culture as the link to strengthen the cohesive force of the space.3. Rules of ethics are realized by stressing hierarchy and precedence in the environment and design.4. The environment and design of public activities presents features of urbanization and commercialization and city became the main premise where public activities took place in Song Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties.5. The entertaining function of the environment appears as the main secondary function of the environment of public activities.6. Form designing forces from multiple levels. The organizing unit of public activities has transferred from government to non-government. Grass-roots social organizations joined the design on their own initiative, making the design present rich and multi-level features.7. Build the continuous environment of public activities in city and countryside. The interaction of public usually features in city as the focus and countryside as the supplement, which reveals the geographical continuity of the region.8. The atmosphere of the activity presents sensible color. The environmental design uses ethics and courtesy as the guiding ideology, which restrains people's sentiment.In summary, the environment and design of public activities in Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties is the continuation of traditions. At the same time, it involves some new elements of the times. The affinity, humanism, and integrity contained in the design still deserve us to learn.