Conflict And Reconciliation: The United States Policy In Argentina (1943-1955),

This dissertation consists of eight parts.The Introduction indicates the purposes of the research, summarizes of literatures both home and abroad on this subject, as well as the research approaches and the ideas.The first chapter traces of the Relations between U.S. and Argentina from the Independence of Argentina to Eve of World War II. This chapter reviews the U.S.-Argentina relations from the fight for freedom in Argentina and projects the four elements that made infection to the relations: the expansion of the U.S. and the Monroe Declaration, the economic conflicts, the democratic ideals, as well as the export-oriented economy of Argentina.The second chapter: The Neutral Attitude of Argentina and the U.S. Foreign Policy towards Argentina (1939-1943). Proceeding from the domestic political and economic circumstances and the traditional anti-U.S. complex, Argentina decided to stick to the neutral stand when U.S. abandoned neutrality. The U.S. attempted to make changes to the neutral stand of Argentina by strengthening the economic cooperation with the American countries, helping Argentina to solve its export surpluses and to providing loan from the Export-Import Bank. The U.S. also intended to improve the relations with Argentina and accelerated the democratic proceeding of the Argentine politics by the above methods. Finally, it failed by the complex political situation in Argentina. It seems to the U.S. that Castillo's regime was leading a dictatorial rule under the influence of the Fascism and constituted a menace to the collective security of the western hemisphere. Therefore, the U.S. cracked down on the Castillo's regime, encouraged the opposition to the government and controlled the export of the armament.The third chapter: The Beat and Punishment: the U.S. foreign policy to Argentina in 1943-1946. Under the punishment of the U.S., there's a military coupe happened in Argentina in 1943, but the military government didn't abandon the neutral stand as the U.S. wish, it conflicted with the U.S. several times on acquiring weapons and the Bolivian coup. At last it resigned to U.S. and broke off its relations with the Axis, but another reform broke out soon in Argentina. Peron, who advocated nationalism, became the new key-man of the new military government. Being afraid of the fascist threat to the western hemisphere, the U.S. beat up Farrell-Peron's regime. Henceforth, in spite that a substantial connection was constituted between the U.S and Argentina, the appointment of Braden and the Blue Book lead to the climax of the conflicts. The Blue Book didn't afford to serve the prevention of Peron to be the president but made him to achieve the post of a popular vote president.The forth chapter: the Effort to Resume Cooperation: the U.S. Foreign Policy to Argentina in 1946-1947. The U.S region policy gradually transformed to the launching of the Cold War to USSR after World War II. Since Argentina's vital position in the U.S. security strategy and its agriculture and pasture products to the recovery of Europe. The U.S abandoned the democratic principal and attempted to cooperate with Peron, the "Dictator". With the twisting efforts by Messersmith and other diplomats, the U.S-Argentina relations resumed to normal in June, 1947. Argentina subscribed the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance and it was brought into the western hemisphere security defense system by the U.S. The U.S successfully promoted the Argentine agriculture and pasture products to revive the Great Britain. The U.S did not agree Peron to execute the nationalism industrial project and the developing direction of his first five-year plan, it intended to control the road and the direction of the Argentine industrial development by beating up the Radicals and fostering the Moderates.The fifth chapter: Disintegrating "the Third Position" with Strong Economic Offense: the U.S Foreign Policy to Argentina in 1947-1953. Peron had developed his "Political Sovereignty", "Economic Independence" and "Social Justice" to "the Third Position". The U.S intended to strengthen to economic cooperation, in order that Argentina would be firmly fixed into the Organization of American States, since "the Third Position" seemed to be speculating and indeterminate. Nevertheless, the liberal economy in U.S. and the center-controlled economy in Argentina was against the grain, the U.S detested "the Third Position" like the bone in the throat and tried to remove it. The discrimination of ECA to Argentina deepened the "Dollar Shortage" in Argentina, because it was not able to exchange its GB pounds to U.S dollars. The Argentines devoted a lot to solve this problem in order to obtain the industrial equipments from the U.S, but it failed and turned to appeal the U.S. The U.S. had wished that will collapse "the Third Position", but Peron returned to his decision after the breaking out of the Korean War. The U.S was so discontent that it started the "cold correctness"policy to Argentina.The sixth chapter: All-round Cooperation, the U.S Foreign Policy to Argentina, 1953-1955. Peron raised a conciliatory attitude to the U.S for the sake of Argentina's economic situation. He was responded actively, because his ideas were in accordance with Eisenhower's policy to Latin America. The two countries came to a compromise again in 1953. Peron hoped that the American private capital to enter into the construction of key project in Argentina. The Department of U.S. made an active response for its security strategy. Nevertheless, because of the entanglement between the New Argentine Constitution and the American private companies, as well as the omission of the EXIM Bank, the private capital wasn't able to enter the field of Argentina's electric power, steel industry and oil production successfully. Peron also paid dearly for his decision being considered as capitulationism in Argentina.Epilogue: the Conflicts and Compromises between the U.S. and Argentina. This part mainly analyses the reason for the change in the U.S. foreign policy to Argentina from the angel of the U.S. It also analyses the reason why the two countries was able to reach compromises by experiencing several conflicts and how this was infected on each of them.