On Supervision System In North Wei Dynasty

On Supervision System of the Northern Wei DynastySupervision system is subject to and restricted by political system, it is part of superstructure and determined by the economic foundation. The Northern Wei Dynasty serves as a connecting link between the proceding and the following dynasties, its supervision system reflects some features of ethnic minorities of the time and also absorbs some practice of Han, Jin and other Dynasties. This dissertation gives a thorough and mircomesh examination on the Northern Wei supervision system from both historical and political perspective. The main issues and arguments are given below:The Foreward starts by discussing the significance and the value of the study, analyzing the defination and concept of supevision system and other related concepts, and illustrating the distinction and the connection between them; then a review and summary of previous study and research on this subject is given, based on which the issues to be discussed are proposed, and so are the research methodology and framework.Chapter One examines the pre-Northern Wei Dynasty supervision systems. This chapter discusses both central and local supervision systems before the Northern Wei Dynasty in a chronological manner. The origin of Yu Shi Tai supervision system of the central government in previous dynasties and gubernational supervision function of the Northern Wei Dynasty are examined.Chapter Two examines the supervision system of the latter Northern Wei Dynasty. The improvement of both central and local supervision systems helped enhance the administration of the Northern Wei government over the officials, and also promoted the development of the Northern Wei governance politically, economically and socially. This chapter focuses on the Yu Shi Tai supervision system.Chapter Three focuses on the supervision critioria of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Legal supervision is is an important feature of the Northern Wei supervision system. The emporors kept enhancing the supervision critioria by means of rescripts and orders, which made the law and rules increasingly particular and detailed. These rules and regulations defined the responsibilities, limitation, procedures and scale of supervision behavior, so the supervision officials had rules to follow in their practice.Chapter Four mainly studies the supervision resposibilities of Yu Shi Tai of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yu Shi Tai is the major supervision institute of the Northern Wei Dynasty, whose principal functation is to supervise the officials and report their crimes.Chapter Five focuses on the selection of supervision officials of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei government attached great importance to the selection and examination of supervision officials, such critioria are included in their selection of the supervision officials as their loyalty to the emporor and morals, etc. The selected supervision officials were supposed to be loyal to the emporor, knowledgeable, straightforward, just and usually they had held important positions in the government.Chapter Six gives a thorough examiniation of the influence of the Northern Wei supervision system over their officials. The Northern Wei supervision system played an important role in the officials'promotion, salary and largess raising, it even influenced the honor of the officials after their death, because the result of the examination on the official by the supervision system would decide the remarks from the government and even their Shi Hao, the title granted by the emport to the official after his death.The closing chapter summs up the whole dissertation. As part of the political system of a government, the supervision system played an important role in governance of the Northern Wei Dynasty. And as a connecting link between the preceding and the following supervision systems in ancient China, the Northern Wei supervision system has a major and deep influence on the establishment and the improvement of the following dynasties such as Sui and Tang etc.