On Western Missionaries' Studying Chinese And Cultural Exchanges In Ming And Qing Dynasties (1582-1795)

It's the third times that the Christianity was introduced into China in the later Ming dynasty, the foreign missionaries in China has always adhered to the "accommodation strategies". They learn Chinese, even Manchurian. To learn and use such languages produced positive influences in their missionary activity, and also made them play better role of messengers between Chinese and western cultures exchanges in 16-18th centuries.This dissertation takes more than 200 years of Ming and Qing dynasties as range limit, focusing on the deeds and functions of the missionaries' earning languages in sermon and cultural exchanges, which not only include how they treat Chinese and also the means, locations and abilities of learning languages, thus reappears the process that the missionaries united the purpose of preaching and motives of learning languages and at the same time discuss the phenomenon of one-sided praise in related field. Meanwhile, the range limit is divided into three periods by the environment of sermon, letting the research on spread of Christianity in Ming and Qing dynasties be in the specific social and political environment of China, and do case studies to the period of some typical characters, events and activities in learning languages. The missionaries learned languages, preached religion and made the extremely important influence, then became important messengers between Chinese and the western cultural exchanges. Focusing on their deeds and activities in cultural exchanges is also the indispensable contents to keep dissertation integrity. To analyze the means and political environment of sermon, this dissertation, it also reflect on some questions, such as the development of Christianity and the concept of "sermon by culture".