The Study On History Of Tang-Song Reclusion-ci

Reclusion becoming attached to literature may early trace to the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States period. There are a few poems about reclusion in "The Book of Odes", the earliest Chinese poetries. Hereafter, reclusion has become an important theme to ancient writers. The combination of phenomenon of Reclusion and Ci-poem appeared in the early Dunhuang Ci-poems. The authors in the middle Tang Dynasty were playing an important role in the establishment of literati Ci-poem system establishment and eventually formed the style of Reclusion-Ci, one of categories of Ci. This paper will describe the outline of the history of Reclusion-ci both in the Tang and Song Dynasty and show different styles of Reclusion-Ci in different stages.The first chapter mainly elaborates Reclusion-Ci during the period of Tang and Five Dynasties and early Northern Song Dynasty. The first section discusses the Tang and the Five Dynasties Reclusion-Ci and analyzes its characteristics of creation. The second section deals with the survey of Reclusion-Ci during the period of early Northern Song Dynasty and mainly introduces Liu Yong,whose Reclusion-Ci are on half of a change from the women's world into the mountains and rivers's world. The official trip and the relegation induce the frustrated liberators to create Reclusion-Ci. And at the same time, they departed from the feasts and banquets so they had much more opportunities to contact with nature.The second chapter discusses the Reclusion-Ci during the period of the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Many excellent people began to reform in order to alleviate these various social problems. However unfortunately, lots of scholar-officials were trapping into disputing with each other so as to trigger many rounds of struggles among parties. The fears from the political struggle made them begin positively to seek relief. Reclusion or desire for Reclusion deeply expressed their tiresome of politics. In the light of this background, the creation of Reclusion-ci began to thrive. In addition, the concepts of creation on song-ci have changed. Su Shi led a new round reform in the Ci-poem field by the way writing Ci just like wring poem, which is one of the reasons for reclusion-ci's thriving during this period. Su Shi's and Chao Buzhi's Reclusion-ci were the representatives of this period. Su Shi's Reclusion-ci are Clear and open-minded, and Chao Buzhi develops Su Shi's characteristics and builds a bridge between Su Shi and Xin Qi-ji by mixing into cynical inner feelings. Besides, Huang Ting-jian and other writers also have created a plenty of reclusion-ci.The third chapter main discusses Reclusion-Ci during transition period. Due to pleasure life damaged by the invasion of the army of the Jin Dynasty, people full of ambition fighted against the enemy bravely in order to obtain a victory for national salvation. However, with the establishment and stability of the regime, rulers began to give up fighting and those who insisted on fighting had been squeezed out of imperial court, so Recluse became their spiritual sanctuary. The authors of this period were Zhu Dun-ru, Ye Meng-de, Li Gang, Li Guang, Zhao Ding, Zhang Xiaoxiang etc. Zhu Dun-ru represented a new stage in Reclusion-Ci's creation with his unique style of leisure ideas and simple words. Another part of authors inherited Su Shi's style.The fourth chapter is about the Reclusion-Ci during the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty. It is an obvious phenomenon that learning Su Shi's and Zhu Dunru's styles were very popular at that time. This chapter will summarize this phenomenon and analyze the reasons. In addition, the peace and the war were still the main problems of society. Lu You and Xin Qi-ji, the two authors'of Reclusion-Ci, are such tragic figures under the struggles. Lu You's Reclusion-Ci has two kinds of styles—depressed and leisure, and these are related with his ideas of Confucianism and Taoism. Xin Qi-ji's Reclusion-Ci expressed his open-minded under desolate and indigangt feelings, which related with his attitudes for heroes and relegation mentality.The fifth chapter continues to discuss the Reclusion-Ci of the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty. The style of the previous stage lasted in this period. The representative authors are Liu Ke-zhuang and Wu Qian. They inherited Xin Qi-ji's style but showed a lot of differences. Moreover, we also should pay much attention to the poor scholar writers, who showed different attitudes and aesthetics about Reclusion-Ci compared to official authors'. Of course, the most distinctive writer is Jiang Kui whose reclusive characteristics affected his Ci-poem style and directly trend to "clear and meaningful" mood as well as noble and unsullied styles.The sixth chapter deals with the Reclusion-Ci of the survivors of the Southern Song Dynasty Ci-poet. Their works represent the survivors'complex inner feelings of that period. Their works tell us their deep affection of lost motherland, the helpless of the lost of life value and the reflection of history and the re-choice of deprived responsibilities.They hope they can build an elegant seclusion place to settle their own hearts and minds. Zhang Yan, was a representative, whose Ci-poem reflected his "clean and leisure" aesthetic at this period. "Distressed and Remembrance:Overstep heavily","Return of the Native and Reconstruction:the spirit of the Dwelling" are the major themes in his Ci-poem. Zhang Yan's "Ci-Yuan" can be seen as the ending of Song Ci and of" clean and leisure "theory and reclusion culture are inseparable. Through the studies, we find that the words "clean and leisure" used to explain "Guya Qiaoba" are also been applicable of music and painting. Therefore, We find the relations between "clean and leisure" theory on Ci-poem and "relax'on Literati's painting so that we can gain a reasonable explanation to Zhangyan's evaluation on the Tang and Song Ci-poets in "Ci-Yuan".