Studies On The Marital Pacification Policy Of Tang Dynasty

The marital pacification policy in ancient china originated from Western Han Dynasty,to attract considerable attention and to be widely used to deal with national relationship by descendants of the ruler, when it had been produced.The marital pacification policy would become mature in Tang dynasties.The rulers of tang dynasty to deal with ethnic relations with the marital pacification policy at the beginning of the founding,and to reach a new climax that the marital pacification history of ancient China. To research the marital pacification policy in tang dynasty,it has important academic significance to for us to understand the social appearance and ethnic relations,at the same time,it has important significance to strengthen national unity and constructing a harmonious society in today’s society. On the basis of predecessors’ research, the article to study the marital pacification policy of tang dynasty and related issues.The marital pacification mainly refers to the Central Plains and the surrounding minority regime to carry out the peaceful interaction by marriage,its core is the rule of the upper marriage relationship,the content includes the political, economic and cultural exchanges which around the marriage,such as conferment,meeting, tribute, trade, etc. The number of intermarriage between Tang and ethnic groups up to 40 times,the scale and influence beyond the previous generation.The foreword introduces the reason and significance of the article, the meaning of marital pacification policy and related issues.To organize research status, and to explain the basic content of the article and research methods. The article is divided into five chapters.The first chapter to discuss the formation of tang marital pacification policy,from the historical origin of the policy, the external situation of tang dynasty,and the tang imperial family origin and ideological roots, etc.,at the beginning of tang dynasty,the rulers applied directly to the marital pacification policy of Han dynasty that to deal with the relationship of a nation, under the influence of historical tradition.From the surrounding environment,a large number of strong national regime surrounded Tang dynasty, to threat the national defense and stabilization,the complex and changeable external environment affects the rulers policy formulation and implementation,royal rulers of tang were a product of the integration,the national prejudice was relatively weak,to break the national boundaries, and fully absorbed the historical experience, to perform a more enlightened ethnic policy,this is no doubt that is an important premise which the policy implemented.The second chapter mainly to discuss the basic situation of marital pacification between tang and the surrounding national regime,according to the geographical location. The northern region,mainly includes Turks, Tiele, Uighur,in order to placate the northern nationality, so as to reduce the foreign invasion, and make it work for tang.Especially,the intermarriage between Tang and Uighur,in order to put down the rebellion of An and Shi in Suzong period,Daizong did it to avoid being attacked by the enemies,Dezong did it to defend themselves against Tibetan.In the northeast,there were Qidan and Xi,the ruler of Tang choose the weaker, mainly reasons for strategic, on the one hand,Tang must deal with the challenge of Tibet,and avoid fighting on two fronts,and actively implement the marital pacification policy in northeast China to relieve stress.On the other hand, the ruler made a show of conciliation with Qidan and Xi in order to bring its tribes under control,to help Tang against rebel, and restriction Turks, defend Tang, surrender to tang, more conducive to tang control Liaodong. The northwest region,mainly include west turkistan, Tuyuhun,Tuqishi, ningyuan, Yutian.Because the interference from east turkistan,its own strength weakened,and the emperor taizong to achieve with the goal of the barbarians,so all requests of west turkistan failed.Because of The position of Tuyuhun is quite important, which controlled traffic arteries where Tang business western,soTang intermarried with Tuyuhun. At the same time,Tang can also make it against Tibet.With the national regime of western regions,in order to business the region. In the southwest,mainly Tibet and Nanzhao,Taizong married Wencheng princess to Tibet to maintain the southwest frontier stability, and manage MoBei and Liaodong,to obtain certain result.But married Jincheng princess to Tibet, was the inevitable requirements of the relationship,On the one hand, unstable situation in the western regions,the Turks in the north to harm Tang,Tang upper ruling class power changed frequently, political instability.on the other hand, political instability of Tibet, the minister of internal rebellion, so they were badly in need of stable internal.Jincheng princess played an important role in regulating the contradiction between tang and Tibet. Tang intermarried with Nanzhao twice,in order to caim it,and constrained the Tibet, The intermarriage continued six years,Because of tang rule group had different opinions, and the tang dynasty was weak, and so on.The third chapter examines the contents of marital pacification policy of Tang Dynasty. The core is the princesses married to the minority leader,it was a big event to both sides,so the ceremony was quite grand,at the same time, due to the national and regional differences,the wedding was characteristic,but the princesses for peace-making must to follow the ethnic customs,and to maintain the friendly relations two sides.It belonged to the political behavior of the ruling class, two sides regarded the political union or economic relations as the main consideration,both sides hoped to achieve this purpose,through the marriage,the political exchanges mainly embodied in determining the birthright, conferring, alliance, cemented, etc.Along with economic and cultural exchanges on both sides,customs frontier trade, given tribute trade and a lot of dowry,promoted economic exchanges and the development of border areas.The fourth chapter analyzes the effect of the marital pacification policy of Tang Dynasty,to examine respectively from both sides.From the aspects of the tang dynasty,it to strengthen the political ties between the tang and the frontier ethnic,to maintain stable frontier region,to promote the development of commercial trade of tang and surrounding areas,at the same time, it provided material for literary creation in tang dynasty,So as to enrich the literature in the tang dynasty.For the minority to expand the political influence of minorities in the border areas,to enhance the minority national identity,to promote the development of the frontier region economic and cultural development, to improve the emotion between the tang and the frontier ethnic,frequent exchanges strengthened the cultural communication between each other, promoted the integration of ethnic mix.The fifth chapter evaluates the characteristics of the marital pacification policy of Tang dynasty,Organizes the views of Tang dynasty and later about the policy,and carries on the brief review.The marital pacification policy is national policy to stabilize the frontier,the intermarriage had large scale, long duration,wide areas, many nationalities, and big mission team, and with the end of Tang.The intermarriage was unbalanced,the princesses’ identity diversity; pay attention to actual effect; One-way wedding was given priority. The predecessors had different evaluation in ancient china,Pros thought it to make the border peace,opponents thought it cannot avoid invasion of ethnic minorities.Especially the Song and Ming dynasties, opponents to deny the policy from the Chinese ethics,the national marriage customs against ethics.The attitude of ancients was closely connected with their era.Conclusion part summarizes the marital pacification policy of Tang dynasty, intermarriage is one of the important means for the Central plains to deal with the relationship with surrounding nation,the intermarriage originated from the former generation of border peace strategy,and is closely related to its own background and surrounding environment.Although both sides to self-interest for themselves purposes,and the effect is not just as themselves wishes,it to adjust the relationship between Tang and the frontier nation,and the relationship between the minority,also enhance the cohesion and centripetal force of a unified multi-ethnic country dynasty.