Geopolitical Relations Of The Southern Song Dynasty

Is the relation between the geography and the politic? And what does the geography reflect the politics? In fact, they have close relation. The different geography causes the difference of the economy, and problems the different characteristic of politics. To observe the Chinese history, all the inside distress and the outside worries have close relation with the geography. So, view the problem from the geography to explain the choice and the practice of the country's deed. The geopolitics is the course to explain the choice and the practice of the country's deed on the base of the geography."The country's strategic territory, geographical seat, border on each other, and the geopolitical relation have important strategic sense, which have direct reflection on the country's safe."In the last stage of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty harasses and eliminates the Northern Song dynasty. Zhao-gou who is the descendant of the Song dynasty sets up the Southern Song Dynasty on the support of the mass of the Northern Song's offspring, and settles down the Lin-an. The Northern territory of the Southern Song's is the east from the Huai-shui midstream to the west Da Sang-guan, and the southwest territory is as the Da Du-he to the boundary line with the Da-li regime. The Southern Song Dynasty is confined to the south oh the Qin-lin Huai-he, the east of the Min-shan and the Qiong Lai-shan. The territory of the Southern Song is situated the interior farming district. It has much small plain, such as the center and lower reaches of the Changjiang river's plain, the Cheng-du's plain. This region has advantageous climate to promote the crops'grow up. After the Tang Dynasty, because the economy of the North Chinese is destroyed by the war, the Chinese economical centre begins to move from the North to the South.But the outside geography, the South Song Dynasty faced the different geographical environment comparing with the Han and Tang Dynasty. The South Song Dynasty's outside environment has its characteristics, the first, the power of the outside political power is mighty and the outside environment is poor. The South Song Dynasty co-exists with the much political power, and is surrounded by them. Especially the Jin and Meng-gu have powerful political and military power, which seriously threaten the safe of the South Song Dynasty. The second, the South Song Dynasty loses the geographical advantage, loses the military important strategic point which is to defend the North nation's invasion.Compared to the North Song Dynasty, the geopolitical situation of the South Song Dynasty is much more dangerous and the geographical crisis is much more sharpen. The South Song Dynasty is short of courage to reclaim territory. The rulers of the South Song Dynasty live in submissive peace, and take the strategic idea of the negative defend. On the base of the North rigorous geographical pressure, it is important of the South Song Dynasty how to defend the North nation. But, how to stabilize the Southwest geographical line is also important to the South Song Dynasty, which can relieve the fear of the further and avoid attacking by enemy from two sides. Therefore, it shows the feature of the number of the army in the North border line much exceeder than in the South border line in the structure of the stationary. The geographical strategic idea is to defend the North and Stabilize the South.When the South Song Dynasty sets up, it confronts with exist crisis. The rulers of the South Song Dynasty carry out the strategy to unite Xi-xia, Gao-li and Xi-liao against the Jin. The strategy itself is very correct, but the South Song Dynasty has no enough mighty to control the international system, and the rulers are jealous of each other. The unite strategy is failure. Moreover, the rulers of the South Song Dynasty unite the Meng-gu against the Jin, which is against the law of the geographical strategy. When The South Song Dynasty and the Meng-gu unite to eliminate the Jin, the geographical situation has changed.During the whole South Song Dynasty, the rulers carry out two military acts. These two military acts are wrong, which miscalculates the situation. These military acts are not only crease the inside crisis, but also result the large war.The South Song Dynasty also carry out the idea of the"Shou Nei Xu Wai"。The idea of the"Shou Nei Xu Wai"is to put a large number of army up in the capital, whose act results the reduction of the army number on the border line, and reduces the defense.