Marpa Lotsawa Study And

Marpa, the master of bKav-rgyud Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, is also the master of developing history on Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan cultures. He has been to India three times for learning Buddhist scriptures, promoting Buddhist doctrines and setting up Buddhist sects, all of this showing that in the Chinese Buddhist history, he is an another example of having an iron will to pursue truth and devoting his whole life to Buddhist study. As a kind of cultural phenomenon, the appearance of Marpa has a typical meaning on whatever the history of Tibetan Buddhism or Tibetan culture. His moral creed of persuading people to do good things and dissuading people from doing bad things and the moral character of abiding by his word as well as the indomitable spirit and faith on confronting with difficult situation are the foundation of constructing the essential spirit and core content of Tibetan culture. Not only does it set an example for moulding personality of Tibetan traditional culture, but also provide experience for designing personality models of modern Tibetan culture.This article, based on The Biography of Marpa Lotsawa, started from the research achievement of forefathers and contemporary scholars, firstly analyzes the Buddhism thoughts and studies of master Marpa objectively; secondly, regarding master Marpa as a normal person, examines his unique cultural personality from two aspects which are moral character and temperament character, and then proves his cultural personality again from the angle of propagating cross-cultures, so as to highlight his features of idea, emotion and will, to seek the exploration and pursuit which reflecting Tibetans at a historical period, to grub the spiritual wealth of regional culture, and to advance the, spiritual connotation of Tibetan cultures. Lastly, reproduces the cultural expansion of Buddhism at its revival age in Tibet from the meaning of normal forms, explores and promotes ethnic spirits as well as seeks its modern value.The first chapter introduces the reason and meaning of this topic, and demarcation of the concept which is related to "India" and "bKav rgyud Sect of Tibetan Buddhism" as well as the research methods and referential materials that are using for researching this article.Based on the research achievements of past and contemporary scholars on Buddhism studies of master Marpa, the second chapter objectively analyses the Buddhism thoughts and the succession of teachings from master Marpa to his disciples.Using the methods of textual narration and analysis of personality and basing on The Biography of Marpa Lotsawa, the third chapter researches Marpa's cultural personality from two aspects which are moral character and temperament character according to the theory of the latest research achievements on personality psychology.When depicting Marpa's moral personality, this chapter highlights his fundamental connotation of "promote Buddhism and benefit all livings"; while discussing Marpa's individual character, from personality researchers'general acceptation on the five factors of personality modes since 1980s, that is "five personalities", to compare Marpa's personality trait and grub his unique character temperament and life mood. When analyzing the formation cause of Marpa's cultural personality, this chapter focuses on examining the inner relationships between his life experience and personality trait; particularly, the effect of Tibetan traditional cultures so as to seek the historical logic of Marpa's life and personality development. This is the key point of the article.Based on the achievements of cross-cultural propagation study and the comparison between Buddhism and Bon Religion made by contemporary scholars, the fourth chapter discusses Marpa's important role of Buddhism propagation in Tibet so as to prove his cultural personality. This content is the innovation part of the article.Through analyzing Marpa's cases, grubbing and advancing the spiritual wealth and connotation of Tibetan cultures, the concluding part of the fifth chapter seeks the value of historical resources under the guidance of the practical problems and makes a harmonious atmosphere of social culture for remoulding modern Tibetan cultural personalities.