A Research About The Impact Of The Disaster-mitigation Requirements On The Changes Of Chinese Government Governance Pattern

The government must respond when disasters occur. In the process of disaster-mitigation the government itself will also be affected. The more attention the government pays to disaster-mitigation activities, the more government is affected by disaster itself. Under such factors as people's expectations and the regulations of government's responsibilities, the impact of disasters on mankind translates into the situational pressure of the community on the government. Under the pressure, the government translates the material, institutional, organizational and spiritual resources accumulated in the society into institutional-stress enjoyed by the government and even by the whole society through a series of complicated conversion in accordance with disaster-mitigation requirements. This is the basic logic that the disaster-relief requirements influence the change of government governance pattern. Policies, institutions, strategies, as the main content of the government governance pattern, are the major research objectives of this article. They are also the basic content of effect that the disaster-relief activities pose on the government governance mode. The article analyzes these three important parts of government governance pattern with the basic logic mentioned above, and on the other hand, proves the basic logic by the analysis of above-mentioned three parts of government governance pattern.We are in the advent of risk society, and this, combined with the informatization, transparent and democratizing process of society, leads to the increasing pressure on the government. Such growing pressure not only results from the increment of various risks, but also is due to people's thorough acquaintance of the government behaviors in modern society. It is this very cause that makes the pressure on the government be of social character, which shows that the disaster-relief process of government is actually a process in which government administrates community and regulates social relations. The change of policy agenda, the higher degree of information publicity, the more and better provision of public services, the adjustment of value and notion, the implementation of the accountability system and the enhancement of crisis public relations capacity are all needed in the process of government administration. All of these changes in policy, which reflect the interactive and cooperative relationships among the government, civil society and the international community, are the outcome of disaster-mitigation requirements, and are closely linked to the origin of situational pressure. Cooperation among the government, civil society and the international community is the vital element of government governance pattern, and is the indispensable part of government's disaster-relief endeavor. Only in cooperation, the government can ease stress, rebuild image, maintain legitimacy and remedy the lack of resources. On the other hand, the development of civil society also needs the social organizations'joint efforts in such public good and welfare undertakings as disaster-mitigation activities. Sensitive situation arising from the occurrence of disasters can prompt the government to sum up experiences and lessons again and again, change the attitudes and manners in dealing with the international community, establish deeper international cooperation in the disaster mitigation process. Only through pursuing the cooperation between the government and community in running public affairs, and implementing the global governance with the intent of gathering together the forces of all humankind, can we humans counter the threat and challenges from disasters jointly in an effective way.Chinese government management system integrates departments and districts at different level. Government's fractional administration pattern leads to the department-oriented and district-oriented institutional pressure, which is the reason why it is difficult for different agencies, sections and different administrative regions to coordinate with each other. To overcome these difficulties resulting from fractional feature of institutional pressure, we have to think out of the bureaucracy itself. Bureaucracy is an organizational form featuring "response to all kinds of external challenges with a certain way". In a society with the accelerating development pace, bureaucracy will seem awkward, outdated, unwieldy, and difficult to adapt. With such advantages as flexibility, high speed and high efficiency, task-based organizations can very well make up for the bureaucracy's above-mentioned deficiencies in reacting to all kinds of emergencies including disasters. Therefore, to vigorously develop task-based organizations, and build project-oriented government with the purpose of overcoming the defect of fractional institutional pressures and enhancing coordination among different sections and districts of government setup, is not only the development trend of China's emergency management, but also the evolution direction of the whole Chinese government management system.The deviation of a nation's development strategy is an important factor which leads to the occurrence or (and) the increase of disasters. The imbalance between economic development and supply of public service will reduce our disaster-mitigation capacity, and accordingly raise the damage of disasters. Unsustainable development model will lead to the increase of disasters both in number and strength. The deep reason of both unbalance development models lies in the monotonous and imbalanced sources of institutional pressure. The claims reflected in institutional pressure of current Chinese government come mainly from the development goals and its requirements set forward by upper government. The reaction of government is clearly inadequate to the right claims of the people and to the intrinsic law of economic and social development and its requirements illustrated by the balanced development law. The Pressurized System maintained mainly by the cadre performance assessment manner should be mainly responsible for this situation. The significant lesson we get from the disasters for the development strategy is the importance of equilibrium between economic development and supply of public service, and the importance of sustainable development.The government should enhance the ability to respond to the needs of society in policy, institution and strategy levels under the growing pressure. The problem of government's responsiveness is indeed a problem of democratization degree. Therefore, how to reform the Pressurized System sustained by the cadre-performance-evaluation system and advance democratization process so as to enable the Chinese government at all levels to accurately reflect multi-dimensional requirements of the diverse society without delay is an important task of political system reform of today's China. The different impacts of disasters on the government hinge on the type, intensity, influence duration and range of disasters. In addition, the influence process will inevitably be subject to such factors as pressure regulation mechanism, the accumulation level of material resources, the public desire for change, the development degree of civil society, the nature of political system and the impact of other political factors.