A Study Of The Social Relief Of The Urban Poverty Population In The Transitional Period

Since the Reform and Opening to the Outside Word,the transformation in social construction and economic system has gone into a neck-and-neck race, which has been mainly characteristic of the current stage in chinese social development and responsible for China's Urban poverty problem, which is the sure result of the social transformation. Hence it will be the current social challenge for quite a long time.According to the statistics of the national ministry of civil affairs , by the time of December of 2010, approximately 23.078 million urban residents have been helped under the urban minimum subsistence allowance system. The urban poverty problem has had a major influence on individual and family in terms of their material life, health, spirit and social life. At the same time it impacts the social stability, fast sustainable development with coordination. The central government has taken a series of measures to solve the current problems of urban poverty and achieve great success. With the reform deepening, some barricades in social different fields, of reducing the poverty can not be eliminated in a short time. Because of the existence of many factors contributing to the poverty and constant trend toward the poverty, it is difficult to eliminate the poverty. Therefore, all-round concern is a necessity including the difference of degree of poverty, the poverty of different classes and other concerns deriving from them. Modern social assistance system should be set up and perfected to adjust to the market economy. As a link of social security system, social assistance is one of a most important measures adopted by governments across the world to anti-poverty up to now and a basic means and measures in social security system. When social insurance and employment system can't work in solving the social poverty, social assistance will play a vital role in protecting the people's right of existence—maintain the basic life of the poor by the common effort of nation and society. On the basis of the foregoing study, this dissertation is designed to put the social assistance of the urban poor study into wider research framework including sociology, economics, the demographic and professional social work, and analyzes the mechanism of urban poverty and the poverty relief from the micro and macro perspectives, and the effect of the policy of the city to provide new perspective and basis for the current poverty relief.Firstly, based on the above research objective, this paper is an empirical research based on statistical data and community investigation on the urban poor social assistance in transitional period. It made a thorough explanation of the urban poverty and social assistance. On the basis of general interpretation of urban poor relief at home and abroad, Changchun city was chosen as a subject to make a complete analysis of the present situation of urban poverty population, structure features, mechanism and spatial distribution, depending on data and community research material. In view of the defects and limitations of current poverty relief policies, the fundamental goals and the present requirement of basic life was named as a starting point, the paper combined the international experiences concerned, and probed the solutions to the social assistance of the urban poor population, finally some patterns were worked out.Secondly, the present urban assistance policies will be discussed in the following part, mainly focusing on the deep analysis of urban minimum subsistence allowance system and other specialized systems. It is thought in the paper that In the contemporary society where social structures are being transformed and systems are being changed gradually, many people's poverty lies in the society, so the government and society should bear the responsibility of helping the poor, and pay for the cost of social change. At present, the poverty assistance system has preliminarily been formed in China with the core of low insurance standard, which is to make a great contribution to relieve the social poverty and maintain social stability. However, the current social assistance system is still not perfected; the scope of social relief is narrower; social assistance projects less; social relief aid standard low. And with the lack of science and regulation and without a scientific dynamic adjustment mechanism, many problems still exist just like the fairness of the policies, financial support and policy supporting system. Therefore, all these must be going farther to be perfected and developed. On the other hand, Charity assistance system was constructed which is the china's localization, attaching importance to the significance of donation of social charities in helping the poor out of trouble. It was pointed out that the motivation of charitable contribution derives from the donator's sense of satisfaction brought out by the donation amount, which depends on the reputation enjoyment of donation. Hence, the central government should make the best use of power resources to satisfy the enjoyment. Some tasks must be fulfilled such as perfecting social incentive mechanism, elevating the public honesty of charity organization, legislative construction, cultivating the sense of public charity and perfecting the modern, encouraging the massive participation for the public. Finally charity aid resources would be accumulated with higher speed。The dissertation adopted the comparative method to point out that our poverty relief should benefit from the experience from foreign countries, and make a thorough research and analysis on the related literature of anthorponym original edition, discuss the social assistance in Russia and China of social transformation period, deeply analyze the countermeasures of Russian urban poverty in order to draw some reference and inspiration。The study showed that the set-up of assistance policy should aim at the concerns in the long run to ensure its sustainable development. Some rational proposals were also put forward such as establishing the social support system for the lay-off workers, improving the expenditure structure of social security in progressive way.The breakthrough of the dissertation lies in its breaking away from the macroscopic analysis on the poverty relief at institutional level, emphasizing the design and construction of social policy. It is believed that specialized social work should be intervented in the poverty relief. At micro level, social services centers on every impoverished person. The value,"help people help oneself", should be persisted during the course of poverty relief. At the same time in the related policies and their concrete practice, the policies of social relief should be concrete, overall and practical. The humanization of social relief would stimulate impoverished persons'initiative with strong effectiveness. In view of this situation, it must be done to change the universal vulnerable psychology of impoverished people, push up the initiative of upward flow and enthusiasm, enhance the ability to develop themselves and change their living conditions, finally make them gradually realize that their life can be improved by their own effort.It is pointed out that it is necessary to change the positive relief policies to negative salvage policy and combine the social relief policies, employment policies and other policies concerned together in order to really help the poor get long-term development. To put it specifically, the characteristics of positive relief policies should be positive, proactive and developing. These following three elements should be contained: one is that the poor subjects should be regarded as positive, because they can keep sustainable living conditions by their own efforts. The other is that the poor should obtain the opportunity of self development and encouraged to develop themselves and maintain sustainable development; the third is to help the poor cultivate and promote human capital and social capital, etc, in order to promote their social integration.In the end, the overall target of urban poverty relief and basic principle were put forward, and some countermeasures were also made just as the introduction of the social work, the establishment of the new social assistance management system and operational mechanism, the adjustment and change in the people's concept, extension of the aid coverage, perfect financing system, the increase in employment opportunities, the enhance of special assistance and strengthening the construction of grass-roots organization and information network ect.