Historical Practice And Norms Generated

Since the emergence of the word of"terrorism", and it becomes one of the most important subjects in international relations. On the one hand, the dissertations on"How to fight terrorism?","How to deal with terrorism?"or"How to administer terrorism?"are too numerous to count. However, these above dissertations are policy analysis. On the other hand, the dissertations on"terrorism"from theoretical perspective are quite rare, but the theoretical analysis on"terrorism"is very important in nowadays. Therefore, it becomes the theme of this dissertation.How to analyze"terrorism"from theoretical perspective? And we can enlightened by the constructivism study. The essential character of a norm is inter-subjectivity, and norm is a collective idea in a certain group. Norm is not necessarily links with appropriate and positive. Judging from this concept, terrorism is also a kind of special type of norms. And its evolutionary process should be regarded as constructivism research field.The research on norms is forward field of constructivism study, but the results of research focused on the western"nice norms". Constructivists neither explore other types of norms, nor refer to the question on whether other types of norms can be generated. They are very easy to take for granted the democracy, human rights and other western nice norms are the most important part in the process of world evolution. The research on norms became the research on the western leading"nice norms". And Constructivists avoid of discussion on other types of norms, thus making the research on norms became a sarcastic false statement. Other types of non-western norms of course still exist in the world. They are maybe not nice norms. However, they not only generate, but also rapidly spread.Make"Talibanization"as an example. Why more and more Taliban fighters resort to terrorist acts. So our study can't focus only western leading"nice norms", and we should spend more energy on studying other types of norms. Is there some difference between the mechanism of nice norms and other norms? What is the difference? If this norm is a bad norm, even a terrorism norm, study it can provide suggestion for China diplomacy.This dissertation has three assumptions. Firstly, this dissertation is practical ontology. Secondly, practice is a neutral concept. Practice is human conscious activity. It can make good effects and bad effects. Thirdly, norm is also a neutral concept. It is a collective idea in a certain group, and norm is not necessarily links with appropriate and positive.The research hypothesis of this dissertation is"the failed historic practice"influences"terrorism norms generation". This dissertation analyzes"the failed historic practice"through"national damaged identity"and"links between Jihad and terrorism"influences"terrorism norms generation"."The failed historic practice"is independent variable. The"national damaged identity"and"links between Jihad and terrorism"are intervening variables. And"terrorism norms generation"is dependent variable.And this hypothesis can be divided into two hypotheses. Firstly,"the failed historic practice"influences"national damaged identity"more and more seriously, and actor becomes more violent and erratic, the more likely they are to develop"terrorism norms". Secondly,"The failed historic practice"influences actors'understanding of"Jihad". That is to say, the"links between Jihad and terrorism"more and more open, the more likely the actors are to develop"terrorism norms".Therefore, based on these researches, the core area of this dissertation is"Talibanization". Afghanistan and Pakistan in the joint link for Central Asia, South Asia and West Asia, and also the intersection of various cultures as well. It plays a specific role in the development of mankind's civilizations and makes contributions to world's cultural exchanges. From the view-point of Pashtuns'historical process, Pashtun had always been a history of being conquered and ruled by foreign powers, and the cruel wars taken place during the last 30 years had even almost destroyed and the whole social structures and the achievements so far acquired for the realization of the modernization. This violent history is the cause of"Talibanization".This paper is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter has three parts. The first part introduces the research question and the reasons for this question. The second part introduces assumptions and the research hypotheses. And the third part is research method and research significances.The second chapter is research review. It is divided into two parts, the first part is the theoretical interpretations for terrorism and the second part is the constructivism review. Constructivists have"nice norms bias"and ignore other types of norms. The third chapter is concept definition. It defines"terrorism norms","practice"and"damaged identity". These three definitions are important concepts and important variables in this dissertation.Based on the second chapter and the third chapter, the fourth chapter is the theoretical basis. It analyzes"practice"through"identity"and"linguistic meaning"influences"norm generation".The fifth chapter is theoretically logic part. As you know, the fourth chapter has done detailed elaboration on theoretical basis. Based on the fourth chapter, combining the particular social background and historical context, this chapter analyzes the reasons for"terrorism norms". It analyzes"the failed historic practice"through"national damaged identity"and"links between Jihad and terrorism"influences"terrorism norms generation".The sixth chapter and seventh chapter are the verifiable case. Based on the fifth chapter,"The failed historic practice"influences"terrorism norms"and this hypothesis can be divided into two hypotheses. Firstly,"the failed historic practice"through"national damaged identity"influences"terrorism norms". Secondly,"the failed historic practice"through"links between Jihad and terrorism"influences"terrorism norms".The eighth Chapter is conclusion.