"Liang-nong" Identity Of Peasant And Its Change:Estimating Cross-referring The Countryman Transformation Into Townspeople Began In2002

"Liang-nong" is a significant identity of peasant as a kind of group. Peasants play an unassailable role and occupy a crucial position in the long history of the Chinese nation. In regard to urbanization in China, peasants have a large proportion of urban population. Whereas, contemporary peasants become "problems" why generated by the urban-rural dual structure of residents and the constraints themselves, concerning the former reason that because Chinese governmental financial investment focuses on to urban areas.Peasants are situated primary position of issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area. Recently, an issue called "the Countryman Transformation into Townspeople" has attracting the government and academic, when occurred in China from2002, despite that the words above not appeared in official documents of central government. Calling for "the Countryman Transformation into Townspeople" is directly recognize the fact that peasants is in the "relative deprivation" way. In a general sense, the first step of "the Countryman Transformation into Townspeople" is peasant achieve identity transformation which means alteration in permanent residence form agricultural registered to Non-agricultural registered. But if we understand the concept of identity more formally, that suggests more abstruse and more recondite.Identities, the collective symbol, show what way social members occupy and use the resource, indicating sameness and difference between them. In an aspect, identity is eternal, due to it embed in resource and the lack of the resource will be with the human society for ever. In another aspect, eternal identity doesn't express it is a invariable being. With the development of human society, identities display new character, when it is away from "Classification", in the course of "specialization", and will toward "equalization". After the human society into the modern times, coexistence of multiple identities in one individual was exited."Liang-nong" identities are essential and collectives form of peasants.Peasant is the subject of "Liang-nong" identities. However, in the modern China, with the context of rapid economic development and social transformation, it is so difficulty to answer the question "who is the peasant ", and if one person try to answer immediately, he would be in embarrassment absolutely. China today has several words equivocally and ambiguously related to the concept of peasant, such as "Migrant Workers","Landless peasants","Newcomer of Townspeople"(or "Forerunner of Townspeople") and so on. Naturally, peasants are the social members who rooted in the rural community and take the specific traditional attribute related to the value, the attitude, and way of life, mode of behavior which influenced by "Field of Rural Areas". And these traditional attribute of peasants manifest signs usually agricultural society. For the identity of peasants,"Liang-nong" identities are basic and vital, whether in history, in today, or in future."Liang-nong" identities of peasant are the outcome of the construction. In modern times, nation-state is field of constructing identity. In the field of nation-state, Nation suited in the controller positions of the field build different sorts of identity. Dynamic of nation building "Liang-nong" identities is the demand for grain. In daily using, we commonly confuse the concept of food with the concept grain. Precisely, grain only is the plant food which can be used as major nutriment for supporting the human body's lives. We can attribute the demand for grain of nation to the people's survival in scale of nation-state and the grain industry in national economic development. The way of nation building "Liang-nong" identities is land resources distributed to peasant as a kind of group, and the process of the nation building behavior depend on the land institution. Summarize to say that, nation distribute the land resources to peasant in order to meet the national demand for grain by the practice of "Liang-nong" identities."Liang-nong" identities of peasant associate with national demand for grain. At perspective of nation-state, the situation or level of food security reflects the instance national demand for grain can be met or not. We can make use multidimensional analytical method and model to estimate food security of a nation. Firstly, in microcosmic dimension, we can compare the index of per need grain with the index of per capita grain in one year to estimate food security of a nation. Secondly, in macroscopic dimension, we can compare the index of national food supply with the index of national food consumption in one year to estimate. And finally, we can establish a systematic evaluation indicator by select several indexes which could respectively reflect food security, to measure the level of food security. Referring to nation-state, the situation of food security is generated by the practice of "Liang-nong" identities. The situation of food security can be considered both as a result of the practice of "Liang-nong" identities and as a precondition of change of "Liang-nong" identities.At the present time, the Household Register System is a way to building "Liang-nong" identities by nation in China. The household register system available today is an aggregation of institution system in the core of "the Statute of Household Register" released by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China in1958. The household register system controls the bodies of peasants with the manner of limiting peasant as rural population move to urban areas, which the arrangement aim at forcing peasants to engage in agriculture work and labor, especially cultivate the crop of grain in order to attain the practice of "Liang-nong" identities. Accordingly, the household register system becomes a national action in the process of building "Liang-nong" identities of peasant. It is a fact that the Chinese opening and reforming policy arose in1978. Recent adjustment operations of the household register system bring social mobility in the form of rural population actively move to urban areas and on a large scale. The dynamic of economic rationality of "peasantry" causes the variety of behavior. Which peasant either turns to cultivate the economic crops, such as cotton, peanut, tea and tobacco, or engaged in the secondary or the tertiary industry. This phenomenon illustrates that the influence and impact of the household register system has reducing and decreasing, which orientation is building the "Liang-nong" identities of peasant.Estimating the change of the "Liang-nong" identities cross-referring "the Countryman Transformation into Townspeople" in2002must base on both food security and the household register system. For "Liang-nong" identities, the situation of food security is can be considered both as a result in the view of nation-state perspective, and a precondition of change, and the household register system is strengthening means in the process of nation building. Conclusion to this dissertation after analyzing empirical data as follow:"Liang-nong" identities of peasant didn't change before the late1990s. Since the late1990s,"Liang-nong" identities of peasant have entering into process, and "The Countryman Transformation into Townspeople" began in2002intercepts the process temporally and slightly, but has holding the fact that "Liang-nong" identities is dissolving.