Theory Of Knowledge

From the natures of knowledge, the dissertation began to investigate the contributions made by knowledge to the developments in the three respects of productivity, economic relations and economic organizations, on the bases of intensively analyses of knowledge creations, knowledge diffusions and knowledge applications. The dissertation concluded that knowledge gap is the primary forces to cause the expanding differences of productivity, economic relations and income distributions.Knowledge is the generally abstracted form of all new specific knowledge in sciences, technologies, cultures, arts, information, management, aesthetics, ethics etc. Knowledge has the natures of externality, non-reproduction, duplicate-able, co-consuming-able, learning-able, inheritable, unlimited development, periodical, multi-aspects, alternation, uncertainty, etc. Not fully similar to material production, are the processes of knowledge production constituted by learning, creation and copying .The processes of knowledge production have the natures of learning economy, scale economy, scope economy and division economy. And the processes of knowledge production internally have the natural characteristics of uncertainty. The intellectual property protection mechanics and the value realization of scientific efforts mainly operate through priority mechanics. The efficiency which resources distribute through market mechanics is optimal, either in the ex ante, interim or ex post. But the ex post efficiency of patent mechanics is no more than that of commercial Tournament prize. The contracts clearly have ex ante efficiency, but have not interim and ex post efficiency. Tournament prize obviously has not ex ante efficiency, but has favorable interim and ex post efficiency. The knowledge production processes, different from material production rules, are subject to the rules of cutting edge advantage and uncertainty. Whether the enterprises select competition strategy or select cooperation strategy is subject to the economic requirement that it should enhance the certainty of getting cutting edge advantage. The enterprises that participate in some kind of cooperation organizations must have higher efficiency in some respects. The enforcement of intellectual property institution in the worldwide is the objective requirement and inexorable trend for world economic development, and it is the inexorable option for enhancing the resources distribution efficiency in the world economy. Reaching and enforcing agreement on intellectual property rights protection through voluntary negotiation are pareto-optimal, the enforcement of this agreement is conducive to promote the development of world economy on the basis of division and cooperation. The patent mechanics is not a kind of panacea for meeting the needs of all industries and enterprises to protect their knowledge. However, socially, the patent mechanics still is a kind of optimal option of economic institution, it has necessity and economic reasons.Intellectual property determines the product differences in quality and variety between the patentee and non-patentee, and these differences will embody in the differences of contributions to the consumer surplus. The differences of consumer surplus determines the differences of consumer desire for purchasing different products which give rise to different surplus. The differences of purchasing desire will influence or determine the differences of consumer behavior for option in purchasing different products and the purchasing terms. The differences of knowledge or intellectual property between different enterprises result in the differences of competition advantage in the market between them. The reputation which enterprises and itsmarks won is the concentration of long-run excellent performance and achievement of quality level or variety structure in products or services. In the modem knowledge and information society, enterprise development strategy can be divided into the investment period for building the marks reputation as well...