Study On Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Model In Rural China

Eradicating poverty is the common undertaking of all human beings and also a major issue challenging China's economic and social development. China's large-scale development-oriented poverty reduction campaign launched in 1986 has not only greatly alleviated rural poverty but also formulated a model of its own through years of practice. Nonetheless, many problems have also arisen in recent years despite the boost of all sorts of anti-poverty activities in rural China, of which the decline of the marginal profits of governmental investments is most serious. This undoubtedly imposes the necessity to improve the current development-oriented poverty reduction model as well as adjust the poverty-reduction strategy.In this dissertation, the author, who hypothesizes that development-oriented poverty reduction model is most optimum in efficiency on condition that the Chinese government implements a long-term development-oriented anti-poverty strategy, takes the factual implementing model of the strategy as his study object. In the light of the theories of developmental economics, interest group, game and power distribution, by employing means of normative analysis, system analysis, participatory observation, and methods of induction and abstraction based on a series of positive analyses of the poverty reduction practice and experience in rural China, he has successfully differentiated the concept of poverty-reduction in its broad sense and the one in its narrow sense and has advanced that the poverty reduction model in rural China is composed of four subsystems, namely the decision-making system, the transferring system, the reception system and the monitoring system. The four subsystems have distinctive principal structures and operating mechanisms, yet they correlate with one another closely and together make up an integral whole.Based on an elaborate analysis of the principal structures, operating mechanisms and operating efficiency of the subsystems and their mutual relationships, influencing elements as well as the overall efficiency of the model, the author distinguishes the core from the non-core of the model and puts forward that within the model, centralized and decentralized decision-making in the decision-making system is the premise; restructuring and enhancing the efficiency of the transferring system is the core; building the reception system governance and beneficiary capacity is the key and establishing and perfecting the monitoring system is the guarantee. The close relationship of the subsystems demands the anti-poverty policies be systematic and sustainable. The author has proposed a rather comprehensive perspective regarding the targets of and approaches to constructing the subsystems as well as the entire model. He stresses that the resources within government control should be fully-utilized and government mechanisms, market mechanisms as well as the participation of non-governmental organizations should be simultaneously mobilized. In addition, he suggests that the beneficiary capacity building as well as the monitoring system construction should be given first priority in order to promote the participation of rural communities and poor households. Regulations and laws to be enacted for the model is necessary and helpful to lessen the conflicts of the subsystems and promote their relations. A moderate separation of the decision-making power is needed so as to meet the demands of the localities. As a necessary component of environmental and institutional construction, the government should take into consideration how to define government function in alleviating poverty under the market economy system and how to reform the fiscal and tax system and the financial transfer payment system. The application range of the poverty-reduction model should also be distinctly defined. A rural securitysystem should as well be established on the basis of an integrated planning of both rural and urban communities so as to upgrade the overall efficiency.The systematic analysis of China's rural develo...