On The Social Operation Of Industrial Laboratories

Science and technology is productivity, the modern civilization foundation and the core motivity that go forward. R&D is a basic way of production of the science and technology. Industrial laboratory is the organizing form that is mainly engaged in the creative action of production, and the basic integrating point of science, technology, economy and society.The course of the science and technology is completely disparate tradition until property rights and institution took place changes to replace the system of feudality and aristocratic monopolization in modern age. The emergence of R&D in business enterprise was along with the rise of the commerce, navigation, trade, modern industry, modern market, and gradually drastic competition. The appearance of industrial laboratory was a historic mark and conversion of R&D in enterprise from relying on the craftsman community to on professional intelligentsia. The changes of industrial laboratory have been directly accelerating the combination of science, technology, economy and society. Meanwhile it acquired the support from patent system and anti-monopolization act in terms of institution, from talented person in the educated capitalization, from modern industry in the material, and Protestantism ethics and commercialism in social value outlook.Industrial laboratory is a sort of civilian scientific research and social organizational system that adapted the conjunct demand of technology, economy and society to develop productivity. According to the occurrence and end of industrial revolution, the distribution of original technological innovation achievements, the technological innovation long wave theories, the transfer of science prosperous center country, etc, the evolution of industrial laboratory has experienced the four waves on the whole. The first wave is the stage that emergence and beginning period of industrial laboratory made. During the one, scientists and enterprisers had begun to establish industrial laboratory in their modern enterprise, while the university's laboratory, independent laboratory, and government's laboratory established. Among them, it was the best representative for industrial laboratory in Germany, at that time period, which is not only the technological center and the center of industrial revolution, but also the distributed center of industrial laboratory in the world. It is mostly the second wave for the development of industrial laboratory from the 20-century beginning to the Second World War. During the stage, the United States became the model in the history of industrial laboratory. In view of emigrant nation, their government seldom interfered with their economy and the development of industrial laboratoryexpect encouraging them in policy. In value views, Americans didn't exist the conflict in developing industrial scientific research. Enterprisers owned company at that stage built up their industrial research laboratory for R&D. Irving Langmuir who came from America GE was the first enterprise's scientist winning Nobel Prize in the world. Bell Laboratories built in 1925 had fostered 11 Nobel Prize gainer. The characteristics of that period were that industrial laboratory became one of the inner section and the system of prop up in the modern enterprise system. During the Second World War to the end of 1980s, it is mostly the third wave of industrial laboratory. In the stage, the small high-tech business began to prosperous, while appeared the science-based industrial parked, high-tech industrial development area and the other district innovation coalition in neighboring the famous university to face directly to the market. Industrial laboratory changed gradually their run's model to independent capitalization R&D company that is not directly engaged in production and sell but research and development. Because of the changes of run's model, the activity of scientific research became a sort of new industry in economic fields and the foundation of national innovation system. It is the period basic characteristic of industr...