"enclave" Of Urban Development: Backward Areas Urbanization

Enclave cities and towns have not been specially studied as a theoretical research theme in the field of urbanization inside or outside China. This dissertation defines that the enclave cities and towns are the enclave quality places in impoverished and behind areas with unique natural resources and environments. Being gradually exploited and utilized, these places formed their own poles of growth and propulsive property and drove other interrelated newly developed industries booming and therefore brings the city and towns themselves prosperous. Finally the enclave cities and towns become famous tourism cities and towns. The notion of Enclave cities and towns is based on the theory of Poles of growth and enclave economy theory.After the France famous economist Francois Penoux first illustrated the theory of growth Poles n 1950's, many scholars further developed the theory. They extended the concerned field from industry to areas and space, industrial base, miniature rural serve's center and even the urban unit. After Germany Location and Space-Economist Walter Isard and American famous Urban-Economist Min Zhou and others schollars put forward the theory of enclave, many scholars also further developed the theory. They extended the use of the notion to politics, administration, territory, culture, and ethnic. This has greatly enriched the theory of enclave. Based on these two theories, this dissertation analyzed enclave style cities or countries such as America's Las Vegas, Africa's Morocco, Brazil's Manaus, and make them as authentic proof foundation. These three cities or countries shares a common character: outside circumstances are poor; governmentsexploit them; form their own growth poles and propulsive property-tourism industry;economy therefore developed. The notion of Enclave cities and towns is put forward on the base of above theory foundation and practical foundation.On the base of the notion of Enclave cities and towns, this dissertation further carries on the empirical study of this theory by taking the example of the Chinese city Zhang-jiajie. Zhang-jiajie is a typical model of urbanization in mid-west area of China since 1980's.Zhang-jiajie use to be a communications and information close up area for thousands of years before 1980's. It was an undeveloped area and had not been effectively exploited. Since 1980's, the government effectively exploited it and utilized it, and it formed growth poles and propulsive property, drove other interrelated newly developed industries booming and therefore brings the city itself prosperous. Zhang-jiajie now has become a worldwide famous tourism city. This dissertation closely studies the appearance, development of the enclave city Zhang-jiajie and analyzes its influence to the local economy by way of using large quantities of pictures, diagrams, data and concerned materials. The dissertation at last draw six pieces of revelation and three policy suggestions.Enclave city and towns is a kind of special model in the process of urbanization in remote and poor areas. The study of this kind of economy will provide a new visual angle for the theory of urbanization.