Census Register,Status And Social Changes

Major. China Legal HistoryAuthor. Yao xiulanTutor. Prof.Xu yongkangCensus register system is a state administration system. It is carried out by certain functional institution of the government in the area under its jurisdiction. It is the source for demographic data and data on birth, death, migration and marriage etc. of the citizens. Census register belongs in the field of administration law, for it exists either in the form of state law, decree or policy. It is used in the narrow sense and the broad sense. The former consists of a series of law system, like census registration, census statistics, census archives and census credentials, centered on basic data, including name, age, birth date, occupation, degree of literacy, state of marriage and address, of its population. All being important and indispensable to the social and government affairs, all countries have brought it into line with the state administration. From ancient Egypt and Greece to today's developed countries in Europe and America, census register in narrow sense has been widely used, and is now being strengthened by hi-tech means like Internet. The latter system includes a series of social management system closely related to census register. Take the one in ancient China as an example; it represented not only the basic information of the population, but also their social status, identity and occupation. Thus it was not confined to the demographic data, it was instead a series of social management system concerning the people's identity, occupation and migration. This thesis is dedicated to the research and investigation of the changes of the census register law system and its impact on the modern history in China, in view of census register identity and population migration and the like.As citizens are the basic factor of a group, a society and a country, census register system concerning their births, deaths, migration and marriage status becomes a major state policy. It is the basis of government affairs. It indicates developments of a country's population. For this reason, it boasts a significant means for a country to know the number and formation of its population, and thus carrying out proper policies. As soon as the residents were divided by areas, census register system appeared. As the first country in the world implementing a strict management in census register and population investigation, China has long carried out census register management. As far as in the early period of Qin dynasty, China has developed population management in its early form by the way of classifying the military strength, laying a foundation for the perfection of census register system of later ages. The Han dynasty was the transformation of the ancient census register system, when for the first time, it was brought into "the Nine Chanpters Rule",the fundamental law of the state and carried on by other dynasties.From the Sui and Tang dynasty's "the kaihuang Rule","the Tang Rule",to the Ming and Qing dynasty's "the Big Ming Rule","the Qing Rule","the Marriage and Household's Rule" of the census register management was a important charpter. Meanwile, past dynasty shaped oneself characteristic in census register system,from the Han dynasty's"Anbi" to the Sui and Tang dynasty's "Maoyue";from the Weijin's dynasty's "huangji and baiji" ,to the Song dynansty's " Zhuhu and Kehu" ; from the Yuan dynasty's "Shuweibo",to the Ming and Qing's dynasty's "huangce","Lijiabianhu",and the Republic of China's "Baojia system",census register system was not only means on levy taxes and corvee,but also safeguard degree of status and social order,etc.The old census register system wasn't abrogated until the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. In that year, new residence booklet was dispensed and new system set up. Provisional regulations on the management of urban registered residents issued by the Ministry of Public Security in 1951 is the first kind of new China, the aim of whic...