Study On China's Countryside Urbanization Motive Force

ⅠOur country has already developed into a new stage in which we accelerate modernization construction and build the well-to-do society in an all-round way. Economic development at this stage is realized through the economic restructuring mainly. The structural adjustment in urban and rural areas is the basic of economic restructuring. Advancing the urbanization is an important way to optimize the structure of urban and rural economies. The focal point of the national urbanization lies in the countryside urbanization.The production of the cities and towns is results of the improvement of social productivity and the development of division of labor in society. There are different functions among the ancient cities and towns, modern cities and towns and contemporary cities and towns. The scale expanding, the quantity increasing and the quality improving are the manifestations of cities and towns development. Countryside urbanization is the evolution of agriculture non- agriculturalization, peasants citizenization and rural area urbanization. Impetus of countryside urbanization is the strength of impelling various kinds of key elements in the countryside to concentrate to the cities and towns. The development of agriculture itself is the basic motive force of the countryside urbanization in primary stage; industrialization is the basic motive force in intermediate stage; development of the service trade is the basic motive force in advanced stage. The system of motive force of the countryside urbanization refers to the synthesis of interests motive force, industry motive force and system motive force that drive the process of countryside urbanization. Interests motive force gives play to function of leading. Industry motive force plays a basic role. System motive force gives play to function of guaranteeing. Their interdependence and interaction form a common resultant of force, which drives the constant development of the countryside urbanization.ⅡThe countryside urbanization, and even its motive force, in regard to its attribute of relations of production, belongs to the concrete relations of production range, therefore it does not have social economic system attribute. Because of such understanding, the forefathers' thoughts of motive force of countryside urbanization said here, include such thoughts of the authors of a classic of Marxism, of the western economist's, and of the domestic economist's as well. No matter in the works of the authors of Marxism, or in the western economists' works, a formulation of motive force of countryside urbanization has not been mentioned. However, thoughts of motive force of countryside urbanization were implied in Marxism authors' argumentation of the relations between the rural area and cities, agricultures and industries, and in the western economist's argumentation about the urbanization and industrial structure change. In the course of studying the countryside urbanization, some domestic economist once did some research in the motive force of it. These thoughts provide us with important meanings of guidance, reference and consulting in studying the question of China's motive force of countryside urbanization.The authors of Marxism think, agricultural labor productivity, industrial development in urban and rural areas, the income gap in urban and rural areas and commodity economy are motive power, drive, appeal and driving force of the countryside urbanization. The western economists' thoughts of motive force of countryside urbanization include the capital power thoughts of American economist W·A·Lewis, industry power of C· Clark and H·Chenery, the motive force of prospective earnings of Michael P·Todaro, and trade motive force of Argentina economist R·Prebisch. Famous domestic sociologist, economist, Pro. Fei Xiaotong has explained the endogenous motive force of countryside urbanization; Chen Tong and Ning Yuemin have explained the external motive force of countryside urbanization respectively; Duan Jie and Li Jiang's analysis o...