Research On The Views Of Feminism On Science

In 1960s, Western feminism began to spread to the field of science, thus feminist studies on science arises. Feminist researchers first mainly search for the reason of the comparatively absence of women in science and criticize the unfair phenomena, later they started to suspect the whole system of science, give rather intensive criticism on the concepts of science, and do some re-identification and re-division on some important concepts. On the base of this they put forward a quite subversive paradigm, that is "a feminist science"( a science based on female nature ), which produces wide-spread influence and attracts more and more attention. All these criticism and construction are called the views of feminism on science in a broad sense.The views of feminism on science comes from the political and cultural trend of feminism, so the purpose and motivation of feminist scientific research is not only striving for the power in science for women, but also seeking for the equality, freedom and liberation of women. Feminism has varieties of perspectives mainly including Liberal Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism, Ecofeminism and Postmodern Feminism, and consequently has different thought on science. From the angle of gender and standpoint of marginals, feminists on the one hand criticizes the rational base of dualism in western thought, discloses the masculine features of science, and make clear that the same as gender, science is also the production of androcentric culture and patriarchic society, the two penetrate and consolidate each other and together bring up the special relationship of science and gender, making the unfair social relation and cultural value further inrooted. On the other hand, it brings forward "Strong Objectivity", which is opposite to the relativism epistemology, and it also brings forward other conceptions such as "dynamic objectivity", "Situated Knowledge" etc, gives prominence to the role of subjectivity and emotion in scientific cognition, constructs a different paradigm "A Feminist Science", which can exert the advantageous features of women's cognition.Gender Theory of feminism provides a completely new sight of angle criticizing traditional science, gives a better elucidation of the formation of androcentric society, the oppressive origin of women in it, and the direction of solution. Starting from thereal life, feminism affirms the special function of emotion in scientific studies, so a humanistic science seems feasible. Feminism enriches the criteria of scientific methodology by pointing out there is not only one scientific theory, creates more extensive academic realm for the History of Science and the Ethic of Science and Technology by extending maternal caring and visualizing female experience, gives a good inspiration for the construction of the harmonious relationship between science and humanity, and through all kinds of efforts changes the image of science in public. The views of feminism on science are also a great help for arousing the consciousness of women especially their scientific consciousness, having very important realistic significance for modern China.Whereas, feminism scientific studies has very short history and develops quite rapidly, leaving lots of suspending questions, and having rather radical political ideology, which lead them to some inappropriate judgment and predicament, such as paradoxicality of equality and diversity; the predicament of integrity and heterogeneity, etc. The author point out the fatal defect of feminism is short of profoundly reflecting its foundation of arguments, consequently the things they furiously criticizes have already been accepted unconsciously at the very beginning. Anyway, honestly speaking, feminist scientific studies enriches and promotes human knowledge and human being ourselves, provides great contributions for the freedom and liberation of human beings.The thesis consists of six parts. The first part traces back the originality of the views of feminism on science from three perspectives: social culture,...