Study On History Of Forestry Policy Of China Since Qing Dynasty

In the 21st century, it is an important and arduous task to develop forestry and construct ecological environment in China. To accomplishment the task a key point is at making feasible forestry policies. Therefore it becomes a valuable issue to study and use for reference the historic forestry policies of China. The history study methods were used in this thesis. It contains four historic periods: Early Qing Dynasty, Later Qing Dynasty, The Republic of China, the People's Republic of China. The general situation of social economy and forest ecology, forestry theories, policies on forest science and education, forestry economy, law and rule, and institution were studied systematically. The characteristics of forestry policies in four Dynasties were analyses and evaluated in modern scientific view. The historic experiences and lessons were summarized. Ten basic principles for constituting forest policies in future were educed at last. In the feudalism time of early Qing Dynasty, forestry was impacted by idea of agriculture being as the nation's root and conception of geomantic omen. In order to protect the birthplace of ancestors, Manchu governor named the Northeast China area as 'four ban'districts. So the forests there gained well protection. But in other areas of China, being to resolve the foodstuff problem as fast increase of population, to ruin forest for agriculture were aroused highly. So 'peasants under sheds'appeared in large amount scattered in Yangtse River basin. In order to govern the worse river disasters, the emperors always ordered planting trees along banks of rivers, although this could not solve the problem radically. The government also issued a few of orders of forest protection and afforestation. Many steles of protecting forest were established everywhere, which showed the severity of forest damage and the awakening of ecological idea in civilian. The offices for cutting, taxes, garden were set up but without for forest management. In later Qing Dynasty, the nation became to a semi-colony and semi-feudalism society. Forest resources were robbed in large amount by imperialists. The voices to learn from the West, to set up forest education, to raise forestry were getting much higher. The government was forced to adopt policies of forestry development by situations for solving economy and saving dangerous politics. Forest areas in the Northeast of China were...