Research On The Theory And Method Of S&T Policymaking

In order to accelerate the development of S&T, every country is attaching more and more importance to research on S&T policymaking and S&T policy implementation. This paper made integrative use of management theory, systematology, policy science, S&T philosophy, and game theory to systematically study the theory and method of S&T policymaking. This research work includes the following five parts.Firstly, this paper defines the essence and features of S&T policy, analyses the content and form of S&T policy, and discusses the structure and function of S&T policy.Secondly, in order to give full play to the function of S&T policy system, this paper use systematology to analyze the features of S&T policy system. First this paper thoroughly describes the display of nonlinear feature and basic form of fluctuation motion in S&T policy system; then after using synergenics to realize rank parameters in S&T system, this paper points out that S&T policy system should posses the characteristics of distinct hierarchy, coherent holistic, feedback control and improving day by day.Thirdly, on the basis of acknowledging the S&T policymaking's subject and object, this paper analyses the S&T policymaking environment, rules, procedure, and models. S&T policymaking procedure includes S&T policy problem acknowledgement, S&T policy agenda setting, S&T policy planning, and S&T policy legitimatizing. S&T policymaking models include bounded rationality decision model, incremental decision model, elite decision model, and. group decision model.Fourthly, this paper discusses risk of S&T policymaking and inquires into how to avert risk. First of all, this paper discusses risk of S&T policymaking, which includes risk source, information risk, and pure risk. After that, this paper researches on the game problems existing in the procedure of S&T policymaking by forming mathematical models. There are some main types of game, which includes game between countries, game between central government and local government, and game between government and enterprise. This paper puts forward methods to avert risk, which means S&T policymaking should comply with the program principles, distinguish power from responsibility, regulate in time, consider the diversity feature, and train people for this profession.Fifthly, this paper researches on S&T policymaking by valuative approach.First this paper analyses practical S&T policymaking in developed countries, such as USA, Japan, England, German, etc. Then China can draw inspiration from experience concluded from developed countries, which includes goal adjustment of S&T policymaking according to times change, improvement of S&T legislation, S&T system reform to give full play to small and medium-sized firms, increase of investment in S&T, coordinated growth of R&D, and improvement of Chinese people's S&T consciousness when the S&T policymaking model tends to be public selection decision model. After that, this paper makes a study of specific S&T policymaking as follows. How to adjust Chinese R&D policy when the internationalization time of transnational corporation R&D is coming? Based on the summary of technology diffusion policy's development phases and classification characters in developed countries, this paper discusses Chinese technology diffusion policy's shortcoming, and identify the focal point of technology input policy in new period. Based on the classification criterion of S&T policy paradigm in developed countries, this paper analyses Chinese important S&T programs and puts forward classification characters according to Chinese national conditions.