The Transformation And Construction Of Risk Governance Model Under The Context Of Risk-Society

As a kind of consideration and prediction of social formation under the modern context, the risk-society theory has a close relationship with social reality, has an important practical significance for the research and introspection on the development of human society. While today the era of global risk-society is coming with a variety of risks and crises, the study on risk-society theory specially has the practical significance, which is based on grasping the special social form-the risk-society, to think the effective ways to deal with the risk, and to avoid being deep in crisis.Considering the practical needs for risk response, the author began to think about the following questions:As a different social form with industrial society, what characteristics of times does risk-society have? What challenges do these time characteristics bring to the existing risk governance in industrial society? Can the existing risk governance adapt to these challenges? If not, is only the improvement of the existing risk governance mode or making the fundamental changes and transformations of risk governance? Risk governance is specific reflect of social governance in risk response, and social governance is the concrete reflection of government model. So we have to think about this fundamental issue of government model. As one of the important governance subject of risk governance system, what kind of role that the government be involved in the risk governance should be? What is the requirement for the government model based on the new risk governance model? This thesis is about these issues analysis, expecting to grasp the characteristic of the risk-society, then explore true paths of the risk response.In the process of post-industrial society, the individual progress developed deeply, diversification of risk sources and types increased complexity of the action and the environment, and the authority basis of science and expert systems continued to dispel, and the government institutions and expert systems turned up organized irresponsible, all these circumstances made tremendous changes to the running status of industrial society. Risk and uncertain factors are increasing rapidly, crisis events happen frequently, the outline of risk-society is clear, the whole society is showing a high degree of complexity and uncertainty characteristics.In the industrial society, the government solved the uncertain factors in society with the development of a variety of control technology, the social governance model appeared the control-oriented feature, risk governance is no exception. In the face of high complexity and uncertainty of controlled environment, uncontrollable objects and low efficiency and failure of control subjects, the control-oriented risk governance model, which relied the authority of the government and bureaucracy, and characterized by technocracy and strict division-cooperation, has reached a critical point of failure, we must promote and realize the transformation of risk governance model.The main feature of characteristics of control-oriented social governance model is the excessive pursuit of social certainty. In order to avoid more uncertainty which caused by the participation of other governing subjects, the entire governance system is in a closed state. But with the pluralism of governing subject has become a reality, the governance pattern that the government is the only subject of governance or as the center of multiple governance has gradually been broken, the government must be an element of this interaction system. In this new situation, especially need to deal with the risk, the cooperation governance which based on the equality and interaction of multiple subjects become an inevitable choice. Accordingly, risk governance must realize the transformation from the control to cooperation. Because the social governance model in essence is the concrete embodiment of government model, control-oriented social governance model corresponds to the management government model. Therefore, in order to realize the transformation of risk management model, we must promote the effective implementation of the cooperation risk governance through the corresponding transformation of government model and the functions and role of government.Through the comparative analysis of the existing government model, service-oriented government model define the government roles and responsibility from the aspect of administrative value, emphasize the service as the basic concept and value pursuit, and make trust and cooperation as integration mechanism, which not only helps to ensure the openness of governance system, but also help the government play a role in the service providing in the governance process. So service-oriented government model is beneficial to guide other governing subjects give full play to their roles through service providing, and offer real possibility for cooperation governance. Furthermore, the service-oriented government model recommends to use uncertainty to cope with uncertainty, and encourage other social governing subjects and service objects to deal with uncertainty through their own actions.This increases the possibility that other social governing subjects and service objects deal with uncertainty through their independent actions, which can adapt to the characteristics of the risk-society of high uncertainty and complexity. Therefore, the government should change the control and leading role, and join the governance system as a server, prove the value by providing appropriate services, promote cooperation between multiple governance subjects. This will arouse the enthusiasm of governance subjects in risk governance, realize the cooperation risk governance, and then get rid of the risk society crisis mire.Through such step by step demonstration, the main viewpoints of this thesis include, with the arrival of the era of risk-society, traditional control-oriented risk governance faced all-round challenge and appeared inefficient, the government must realize the transformation of risk governance that is from the control to the cooperation, rely on cooperation to prevent and deal with the risks. Because the realization of the collaborative risk governance needs the transformation of government model and the functions and role of government, cultivating the service-oriented government model is necessary, which can promote the government join the governance system as the server, and unite all positive subjects which contribute to the risk governance together, to realize the collaborative risk governance.