| I. Being a new problem and new research subject, parties' progressiveness as well as Marxist parties' progressiveness has been focused on by now. However, it has not been studied completely and systematically.Though Marxist parties had proposed parties' progressiveness and regarded it as the requirement and aim of their self-constructions long time ago, at first it was only involved when verified the advantages of Class-related bases of parties. Moreover, parties' progressiveness was subjected to the class nature, and was brought roughly into party building, and was melt into party building in ideology, organization and work style for a long period. That is to say, though the problem of parties' progressiveness had existed for a long time, it didn't get the proper notice, nor was it emphasized as an independent subject. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. Besides some objective ones, such as the needs, the condition and the task of reality, parties' progressiveness was limited by the cognitive abilities at the specified times. The situation didn't change ultimately until late 1980s and early 1990s when there were drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The important thought Three Represents put forward by the Communist Party of China at the beginning of the new century speeds up the change. Marxist parties have to adjust and change fundamentally in cognition and practice, which means to take actions to improve the ability of administration not just to seize power, take actions within the framework of peace and development not of war and revolution, work creatively in the light of the laws for governance not of the communist parties' particularity on seizing the power, build parties in the sight of the integration of progressiveness and administration not of the ideas that parties' progressiveness is subjected to the class nature of them. By the influence of those new thoughts, parties' progressiveness was finally brought away from the attachment and subordination to the class nature, transcended its intrinsic effects, developed into the overall questionof the party building, and was connected closely with the existence and fate of Marxist ruling parties. It has become a fundamental characteristic of Marxist ruling parties, the essential property, and the most important goal of the parties in the new historical times. Thus, parties' progressiveness becomes more conspicuous and more attractive.Meanwhile, with the process of the open door policy, the expenditure on teaching and researching of Politics, which is gradually rebuilt and reinforced in our country, shows great interests on problems caused by parties. The drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and party crises all over the world aroused some scholars to think about the problems caused by parties, such as party reform, modernization, legitimate leadership, etc. All the problems mentioned above include, to some extent, some elements and causes of parties' progressiveness.Now, more and more people have begun to pay more attention to parties' progressiveness - a new problem and new research subject. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. First of all, Marxist parties, especially the Communist Party of China, has scientifically reconsidered and judged the importance and values of parties' progressiveness. Then, a group of scholars, majoring in the theories and party building of Marxist parties (including some leaders and the practical participants who are concerned with party building), are deeply concern at it and think more about this problem. Last but not least, scholars are encouraged to deepen and strengthen their research. However, the concern and the characteristics it shows, which emphasize reality and pertinence, are confined either in the field of Marxist party building or in the interpretations of classical Marxist writers, party leaders, and party's documents. Sometimes, they adopt the thinking methods of research on parties in the West and lay particular stress on seeking for the universal values of parties at the most general level of party research. Although they have made their efforts and each has his own merits, there is still some room for them to improve on the whole. Firstly, the efforts and the achievements are not enough. Secondly, thinking methods and the research of them in virtue of comprehensive advantages need to be improved. So far as the deepening research on parties' progressiveness is concerned, we should on the one hand do moreto learn rules and general characteristics of parties' progressiveness, turn out thinking from the specific to the general within the research range of party building, and, on the other hand, make our academic research pay more attention to the reality in present days by critically inheriting some achievements and ideas of politics in the West. If we succeed in doing so, our focus would be the new problem and new opinions upon parties' progressivene,ss, which is reflected practically and demonstrated theoretically at different levels. Parties' progressiveness is a big research subject and a great thought, which is political and academic, practical and theoretical. Based on this understanding, the author thinks the research on the parties' progressiveness and Marxist parties' Progressiveness is not very systematic and complete. He thinks it is necessary to deepen the research further.Thus, the author chooses "the Research on Marxist Parties' Progressiveness" as the title of the thesis for his Doctor's Degree. He'd like to do his utmost to make contributions to the subject.II. Compared with the establishment of the research subject and the title of the thesis, the more important thing is to put the ideas into shape, make the contents scientific and the ideas creative.In order to meet the need of being scientific, clear and creative, the author tries to make the train of his thoughts and the structure of his thesis more logic and conform to our laws for thinking. With its logical process, the author chooses Marxist parties' progressiveness as his research subject, and discusses from parties to parties' progressiveness, from the theories of parties' progressiveness to their practice, from parties to Marxist ruling parties, then to the Communist Party of China. The author follows the principle of discussing from abstract to concrete, from common matters to specification, from macroscopic to microcosmic to frame the thesis. Discussions made in the thesis are not only fluent and reasonable but also has its own characteristic. The thesis consists of a preface and four chapters ("parties' progressiveness" from Marxist point of view, functions and influence of Marxist parties' progressiveness, the practice and the realization of Marxist parties' progressiveness, the exploration onprogressiveness and the progressiveness building of the Communist Party of China), which discuss and analyze the fundamental problem and the most important problem of Marxist parties' progressiveness.Motivated by the idea that creation is the soul of theoretical research, the author dedicates to put forward new thinking methods and advance new opinions. Generally speaking, the author uses opinions of other scholars for reference, discusses them from some new points and makes new contribution. Those can be reflected in the following aspects: in observing the characters of parties' progressiveness;in putting forward the idea of parties' progressiveness;in defining the concept of progressiveness;in revealing connotation, the essential requirement, the basic element or the content, the classifications and their internal relationships of parties' progressiveness;in concluding functions of Marxist parties' progressiveness;in summing up its effects;in analyzing its great effects;in discussing the necessity and the relationship of cultivating, practicing and realizing it;in thinking its contents, the methods, and the standards;in putting forward its definition;in summarizing its principles, experience and lessons of parties' progressiveness exploration of the Communist Party of China;in discussing the achievement, the disadvantages, the goals, the principles, the methods and the significance of parties building and prosperity of our nation, etc.The innovation and argumentation of some specific opinions can also be found in many places throughout the thesis. Here are some examples. In his thesis the author puts forward ten factors of parties' progressiveness (They are the ideology of parties, idea of administration, party members, class basis, organization system, rules and regulations, work style, leading achievements, people's attitude, and the social comment.). He also classifies parties' progressiveness from four different angles, and sums up the basic function of Marxist parties, which are evaluation - guidance, encouragement - restriction, imbuing - moralization, influence - leading. Furthermore, he analyzes the great role parties' progressiveness has played in five aspects: in unifying parties' thoughts and actions;in setting up an excellent image of parties, in strengthening parties' ability of mobilization;in raising the nation'sinternational status, and in promoting human civilization. All the ideas mentioned above can, in some ways, enlighten and inspire us.Thought it is very valuable to put forward many new opinions, yet the spirit of being creative doesn't mean everything. With enough proofs the new opinions must be proved and advanced logically and scientifically. The author firmly follows the principle of applying as many facts and evidence as he can to support his ideas, which can be found when he explains the connotation of progressiveness. At first, he differentiates progressive and less progressive, progressive and backward. Then he indicates three qualifications and requirements of progressiveness, which are novel, reasonable, and useful respectively. Hence, he gives his definition of parties' progressiveness, which means the basic character of parties' organization, the essence of a party, especially when it arouses the masses, manages the society, and controls the state power. Such an excellent character is formed along period of practice, recognized and confirmed by the society. It is a leading ability that enables the party to guide the development of the society. It is also an exemplary behavior that makes the party to play important roles and set up models for others. Then the author defines and discusses the parties' progressiveness in following three aspects: Firstly, the connotation of parties' progressiveness can be manifested as quality, capability, and conduct. Secondly, the manifestation and display of the connotation must accord with the requirements of a nation's social progress, the interests of the nation, and the desire of the people. Thirdly, the connotation and requirements of parties' progressiveness have many forms of manifestation and accomplishment, such as parties' basic program, the goals, organs, way of activity, leadership system, working style, and collective and individual mental outlook. So far the connotation of parties' progressiveness has been explained, however, it's not the end of the analysis but the beginning of further discussion from a methodological point of view. As for the understanding of the connotation of parties' progressiveness, we should do it specifically, changeably, and relevantly instead of abstractly, statically, and isolatedly. Parties' progressiveness does not mean pre-action, nor lagging behind, nor premature advance, but seeking truth from facts, for the connotation of parties' progressivenessis enriched and developed continuously. It is always connected with the parties' central task of the period. It is always enriching and renovating its content according to the changes of historical tasks and requirements of times. Parties' progressiveness is the product of practice, not heaven's endowment or self-given one. It is a historic process as well as a realistic activity. The connotation of parties' progressiveness is studied in a deep-going way in the thesis. It is a kind of creative thought with a logical reasoning, which helps people not only accept the question discussed above, but also explore it more adequate and complete.III. Any study has its own purpose. There is no exception to this thesis concerned with Marxist parties' progressiveness.The academic value and theoretic significance of the thesis lie in the light it throws on the basic regulation, and the different relations of Marxist parties' progressiveness and proposes some practical countermeasures by studying it completely and systematically at a higher level and in a broader field, which can be found in the following aspects. Firstly, based on the Marxist understanding of parties' progressiveness, the author develops the understanding of parties' progressiveness from seizing power to building leading parties, and extends, in a specified condition and nation, the study of Marxist parties' progressiveness from Marxism to a general term, and thereby, deepens the research content and broadens the research field. Secondly, by studying many aspects of Marxist parties' progressiveness, the dissertation displays its rich and diversified content and makes a forum for a deepened reflection of it, which provides some achievements for further research. Thirdly, combining Marxist theory of party building with the advantage of party research by politics, the author discusses problems with the syntheses of the research methodology and thinking patterns of the two in the paper, which helps reveal the rules of many problems, such as party's development, party's administration, party's modernization, Marxist parties' progressiveness, and laws of the building of Marxist parties' progressiveness.The practical value and actual function of the thesis may be found as thefollowing: First, it helps to urge people, especially the CPC members, to put emphasis on the study of parties' progressiveness and throw themselves into the work of it. Next, it is helpful for the whole party and the whole society to form the progressive consciousness, progressive quality, progressive behaviors, and a good environment for public opinions and social comments. Finally, it helps to carry out the important thought of Three Represents and develop the party-wide education of maintaining the progressiveness of Party members. The Party constantly sums up the historical experience from over 80 years, which was full of hardships and progress and gains many profound conclusions and new experience. At present, the Party bears the weight of some arduous tasks, such as building a well-off society in an all-round way, accomplishing modernization, and rejuvenating the Chinese nation. While at the same time there still have some problems to study and solve. In contrast with the serious lessons of the communist parties of the former Soviet Union and the countries in Eastern Europe, the study of Marxist parties' progressiveness seems more necessary and important.In addition to what have been mentioned above, there are some inadequacies and problems to think deeply. For example, in some chapters, the discussion of some questions seems not enough. There are repetitions and wordiness in few places. And the materials used in the thesis need to be improved. For those weaknesses, the author makes up his mind to overcome them by his further study and reflection so as to make more achievements in the research of Marxist parties' progressiveness. |
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