A Research On The Party State Of Kuomintang As A Political Entity

This article is to study the party state system of Kuomintang from July 1925 to December 1947.A political entity is the mode of organizing a political community. A political entity is forms of power, which is bound to demonstrate a specific belonging of the power. People can do something in choosing a political entity through deliberate activities. However, the political entity selection takes adaptability as its principle. Different national situations, such as geographic environment, epoch background and cultural factors, restrict the political entity selection. The decaying of a political entity results from the corruption of its political principles. The independence and restriction of the inner power structures of a political entity are the effective means to keep it from decaying. Rousseau's people right theory and his ideal regime of morality played an important role in the birth of the party state system. General party self-confidence is the proper representation of the public will; its exertion would make it possible to have Rousseau's theory become a political system. The former Soviet Russia was the first party-governed country. The Communist Party(Bolshevik) believed that socialism(communism) was the destination of human history development and the home of the common interests of the whole people. The Communist Party's mission was to lead the people to realize this goal. The power of the party state system belongs to the party; the setting-up, the organizing and the running of the power served for the ownership of the power and also incarnated this power.There were various causes for the birth of the party state system, say, historical background, social conditions and cultural factors. Some factors were about the long-term unchanging situations like the long history of the feudal regime, the reality of a vast country, the pre-industrialization society, the imbalance of regional development, low level of national education, traditional culture, etc.; while the other factors were special ones in the process of modernization like the failure in political entity selection, the recommendation of Soviet Russia's experience, the international status, an order demand in a disturbed society, etc., all these composed parts of the causes and conditions in political entity selection. The party state system originally came from the former Soviet Russia, but the ideology of Kuomintang's party state system indeed came more from the Chinese traditional culture. The theoretical framework of Kuomintang's party state system was based on the Three-Virtue Thought as its humanity foundation: hard to learn while easy to practice as its learning methodology, regard the public opinions as its value orientation, take the evolutionism as the theoretical source, adorn its justification with fortune approach and revolutionary thought. Kuomintang approaching to a general political party was the organic base for the birth of its party state system. The party state's validity was a mixture of the traditional validity and the modern validity; however, it was a kind of justification in essence instead of the validity in form. It was born from the traditional validity. The way of its gaining was similar to that of obtaining traditional validity. The endeavors of the party leaders, the final successful revolutionary process of the party after endless struggles, the banner held up high by the party for the whole people's welfare all take on a color of fortune-mission. But its Three-Stage Thought bears also certain characteristics of modern validity.A party state system is a political entity with the power on the party; the party runs the government in behalf of the people. The party is beyond the legislation, the party leads the government. The people in a party state system are the subject of the nation's power nominally, but actually it is the party that represents the people to use the power. In a party state system, the people are the audience to be taught; they must first become disciples before getting their rights. The people are the object that should be called on, educated, organized and trained. As for the power forms, a party state system follows the principle of power unity. All the power is concentrated to the party. The party central organization connects the central political meeting and the highest military meeting, etc. by the party politics and further controls the public government. The main function of the public opinion bureaus is to confirm the party policies. The central governmental system executes the mechanism of five ministries; nevertheless, the five ministries are only the work-division not the power-division. The state structure adopts the singularity mechanism. The party state system cares much for the construction of the legislation, but a party-governed country is by no means a law society. The law of a party-governed country fully shows up the values and principles of its party state system. In a party state system, the basic law is to affirm the policy and creed of the party in power. The administrative law is to assure the accomplishment of an all-mighty government. And the other laws are concerned about the social subject with public interests as their direction.The party state system of Kuomintang is facing various governmental risks. The struggle of different factions within the party, the fight against the Communist Party and the Japanese invasion all threatened severely the existence of Kuomintang's party state system. What's more, the western culture is bumping on its party state system, meanwhile the autocratic tradition is as well making the party state system dissimilate in the operation. The party state system's decay shows in three aspects: power in the party turns to mighty military power, party democracy is replaced by a leader autocracy, public benefit changes into oligarchs'benefit. These decaying situations are caused by outside factors, say, a long-term war status, as well as by the impact of the autocratic tradition and the inside problems of the party state system, for instance the lack of party democracy.China contemporary political entity is completely different in essence from the party state system of Kuomintang. Nevertheless, because the faced history, circumstances and cultural factors haven't changed much, there is inevitably a similarity in some extent on the power structure between the two political entities: the one-single-element formation of the power structure demonstrates a single power core; the top decision-making power is beyond the basic law or above it; also there is incomplete democracy in power formation. It is of warning significance that the party state system of Kuomintang went into decay from a political entity accepted by the people. It is necessary for People's Republic of China to learn a lesson from the decaying process of the party state system of Kuomintang. Pushing on party democracy, perfecting people democracy and preventing power corruption are crucial factors of keeping the political entity alive.Kuomintang's party state system was ever erected as a transitional political entity. Only when the tension between'power in people'and'one party in power'comes to melt, will the title and the reality of the political entity get into unification in the long run. For it wasn't expected to become an everlasting system at the very beginning. But the development of the party state system deviated from its original value direction. Although under the influence of outside culture and power, it reluctantly carried out the originally planned transition (to the constitution system), the party state system which had deviated from the creeds of a political entity was unable to support this transition.