A Study On The Formation Of The Kuomintang 's Party - State System From The Perspective Of Constitutionalism

In recent years, the research of party-governing is becoming a hot issue in the research of modern history. The Revolution and Counterrevolution- from the perspective of politics of the republic of China written by Professor Wang Qisheng is representative typically. His book uses the view of the struggle between revolution and counterrevolution to interpret the modern political path selection from the macro angle, and analyses the organization structure of KMT from the microcosmic angle. This thought gives me great inspiration to tease the Party state system of KMT from the perspective of constitutional government.China was defeated in the Opium War in 1840 s, and was forced to open its closed-door. Since then, China fell into an unprecedented crisis, and suffered direct shock from the whole world. It triggered the crisis, which was not mean to change dynasty, but mean whether political change would continue. In this crisis, Chinese people came to realize that China was no longer has its self-righteous superiority. The level of Chinese objects, ideas, systems all fell behind the lever of other country. How did china tide over the crisis smoothly had been the most concerned topic to the literati class. In this unprecedented national crisis, China began to learn the western advanced objects,ideas, systems, around two mission of salvation and self-improvement.Under this background, China began to explore the constitutional road.As is said by Gao Quanxi, constitutionalism of China,which has long-term and complicated characteristic, was different from the constitutionalism of other country, for example American and England etc. The rise of Reform Movement was nothing more than the first attempt to follow the constitutional system of the Western country. However, China has thousands of years of civilization, and has inherent system of political thoughts and political systems unlike infant toddler. As a result, the constitutional systems of western country did not apply to China. Although the Qing government took measures to express its determination, the internal power struggle in Qing government made the actions difficult to come out. Since the outbreak of Xin Hai Revolution in 1911, the Revolution Party got on the stage of history, and began to establish the state, accordingly the Party-state system emerged.The revolutionary founding documents of Sun Yat-sen was still around constitutionalism. Sun Yat-sen made specific plannings of the road of chinese constitutionalism. The theory of military, political tutelage, and constitutional was been put forward, marking the start of the Western constitutional thought were adapted to the localization by chinese politicians. However, the party system,which was planned by Sun Yat-sen, was severely damaged after his death.With the National Government uniting the nationwide in 1928, the military forces led by Chiang kai-shek began to rise, and controlled the central authority of KMT since the breakout of Anti-Japanese War in 1937. With Chiang Kai-shek’s personal reputation increasing,Chiang Kai-shek became a true leader of the Party, government, military. In this context, the KMT party-state system inevitably was painted the color of military-governing or human-governing, and gradually became an authoritarian body.