Investigations On Public Safety Services Of Rural Areas In Social Transformation

Rousseau once said: social order is a kind of sacred order, which provides foundations to all other rights. However, it is necessary for the government to provide public safety services to keep the social stable order. Karl Marx once mentioned that safety id the highest concept for a citizen society. According to this concept, the existence of the whole society is just to ensure its every member to be free from being violated from personal security, rights and property. Therefore, the public safety service characterized by the social security service is not only a worldwide issue but also am important social problem in China now. At present, the reform and development of Chinese society has stepped into a transitional period. This kind of transition refers to a fundamental change in the social structure, and the transformation of the social economy and political mechanism calls for the adjustment between individual interest and social interest and the change of social attitudes. This kind of transition will definitely influence the public safety in the rural areas in China especially the order management and the overall changes in its forms.As far as the present situation in our country is concerned, the whole condition of the public safety services in rural areas is fine, and the basic production and living of the peasants have been effectively protected. However, there are still some factors existing to affect the public safety in rural areas. Particularly after the agricultural tax has been exempted, the public safety system in rural areas needs more improvement and challenges. Zhao Shukai found that the order condition is fine in most towns by doing research on 20 towns in 10 provinces. It is characterized that the egregious cases and criminal cases are decreasing nowadays but the larceny cases are increasing year by year. As a whole, it is more challenging for people to work for the social security order in rural areas, and the situation turns to be more and more rigorous. Some of the deep-seated threatening factors have not been exempted but been produced and accumulated. First, the foundations for the happening of mass incidents still largely exist, which bring difficulty to ensure not caused by some casual factors. Although the recent policies in rural areas better the peasants' conditions and feelings and raise the government's authority, the trust on primary official from the peasants hasn't increased yet. Second, the evil forces in society still increases by time, which brings more complicated infiltration to the party and government departments, therefore, it is now more difficult to take the order management. Third, the different types of religious forces in some areas develops in unbelievable speed that they bring direct impact on the social situation. Therefore, the public safety services in rural areas together with the same problem in cities shouldn't be taken lightly.For a long time, people get used to make no difference between the direct management and services from government and governmental public management, and this kind of misunderstanding ignores the difference between service providence and service production, managers and operators or the operators themselves. As far as foreign practices are concerned, one of the most important reasons why the public service system can satisfy the diverse needs of the residents and raise the efficiency for providing the public goods and service in order to accomplish "win-win" condition is that to distinguish between the providence and production. In fact, just like the detached condition between the ownership and management, governmental public management cannot be equally regarded as the direct management and services from government. Theoretically, the definition of the responsibility of the governmental role in public goods is a cost-benefit balanced process. " When the managers and producers are combined to be one, the bureaucracy cost has been produced at the same time, in another word, the cost for keeping and managing the level system. When the managers and the producers are different, then the transactional cost has been produced, in another word, the cost for hiring and managing the individual producers. The relative value of the tow costs determines whether it is valuable to apart the managing and producing functions." In practice, people found that by the form of marketization and privatization, the service cost decreases sharply and improve the service quality. It is no doubt that we will open a "theory window" if we discuss the issue of domestic rural public safety system in detail under the framework of governance theory, which also has theoretical meaning and practical sense in correcting the erroneous thinking and instructing the rural public safety reform of our country.This dissertation is based on the case study of the public safety service of Macheng and its subordinate towns and countries by historical and feasible inspection, horizontal and vertical comparison and theoretical and practical examination. It inquires about the internal motive, historical background, present situation and development tendency of the successive vicissitudes of the rural public safety organization system. It also puts forward the countermeasure suggestions and options .