The Comparative Study On Deng Xiaoping's And Mao Zedong's Opening-up Thoughts

The study on Mao Zedong's and Deng Xiaoping's opening-up thoughts is a classic issue which is researched by Chinese and foreign academicians and professors. They have achieved fruitful results on everyone of their opening-up thoughts by far. But the comparison studies on them is not comprehensive, not systematic and not profound. This paper is focused mainly on comparison with Mao Zedong's and Deng Xiaoping's opening-up thoughts. That consists of their consistence and differences, especially the latter innovations and developments versus former and their practical significances.The first part is an introduction. Based on comprehensive and systematic analysis of the domestic and international theoretic results about Mao Zedong's and Deng Xiaoping's opening-up thoughts, it sums up the overall characters of the main content of the opening-up thoughts of two generation giants. It does this form there ways: the consistencies, differences, innovations and developments, to foreshadow and to take overall responsibility for the following concrete and systems comparison one chapter by one chapter.The second part is the comparison form background and perspective views of opening-up thoughts. The Mao Zedong's opening-up thought is a result of the period of "revolution and war", while Deng Xiaoping's opening-up thought is a result of the period of "peace and development". The two men's opening-up thoughts are both produced from the Marxism, but being in different leading positions with different charades in different periods. At the same time, Mao Zedong paid great attention to investigation and research of China's social reality, often looked at the world in the view of China, and linked China with the world; Deng Xiaoping has stayed in the West in the key time of life, when his Weltanschauung was being formed. He often looked at china in the view of the world, and linked the world with China. Deng Xiaoping's and Mao Zedong's thoughts of opening-up have great deal of diversities on the same strain, and both embodied in the independence and prosperity of China.The third part is the comparison form the principles of China's opening-up project. Mao Zedong's opening-up principles, such as "Maintains independence and opening-up be auxiliary", study criticizly, make foreign things serve China, equality and mutual benefit. Deng Xiaoping unified organically the independence principle with opening-up principle, and initiatived to independence, do not "play cards", nonaligne, and do not dominating. The opening-up project must take defend the socialism national interest as a premise. Two generation giants' most mainly opening-up principle was to take the national independence as the prerequisite. Steadfastly persists "the Four Fundamental Principles", at the same time makes "three-be advantageous" as the judgeing standard. It is Deng Xiaoping's innovation of opening-up principle, and unify organically principle firmness and the strategy flexibility though this way.The forth part is the comparison form the China's opening-up structure. Limited by the different history condition, Mao Zedong impled the "leans to one side" policy, which takes northeast area who depends on Soviet, Eastern Europe, and Hong Kong who links China with overseas as two different open players. Mao Zedong's opening-up view has the strong political color, and integrates China to socialist camp who is one of the two big opposition camps. Deng Xiaoping impled form the special economic zone, to the open coastal city, to along the river, boundary open region. Arrives the line from the spot, arrives the surface from the line, until cover the national, finally total-orientation situation has been done. Deng Xiaoping proves the opening-up possibility and feasiblity from the face that developed country and developing nation needing each other, "one country, two systems" aiming at Taiwan, is very useful for the reunification of the motherland, for the expansion moreover of opening-up project, and for all the third world national development.The fifth part is the comparison form the China's opening-up content. Mao Zedong had a philosophy idea, that every nation has its advantages be worthed to learn, because all the countries and nations have their merits and shortcomings. We should initiatively study the advanced culture form various countries, study foreign political and economic systems, study foreign military. But, Mao Zedong had not expounded the practice significance that opening-up to the economical development, which strong points specifically we should study, what specific measures we should carry on the study, moreover, he had not persisted to discuss on study again after Discusses Ten Big Relations. In Deng Xiaoping's thinking, we should study and introduc the foreign vanguard technologies, the equipments and the managements, use foreign capital by sending adopt and inviting the foreigners and other kinds of forms, and do international trade. We should substitute our deficiency by learning others' strong points, initiative participate in international competition, open international market, study and use the human society including the capitalism all civilized achievements to construct and develop socialism.The sixth part is the comparison form the China's opening-up strategies. To study rules about Chinese revolution and development, study and solve questions, Mao Zedong always related China with the world, started at movement of Chinese and the world. Mao Zedong's international opening-up strategies include welcoming the foreign friend, one line, the intermediate zone, three worlds, international union. They manifest the unification of the patriotism and the internationalism. Deng Xiaoping inherited Mao Zedong's international opening-up strategies, and started at the major tendency about world politic multiplication and the global economic integration, maked the "the present world is the open world" science judgment, indicated "China cannot develop without the world", requested China to participate in the international organization positively, participate in economy globalization.The seventh part is the comparison form the China's opening-up usefulness aspect. Mao Zedong linked Maxism Conception of history with concrete faces of Chinese revolutionize and the construction, explored hardly to the China's opening-up policy. Mao Zedong realized that to change China's "poorly and blankly" backwardness, must open to the outside world. Through the opening-up, we can fully use the advantage outside, make more abilities about reling on one's own effort to revive. Deng Xiaoping based on the transform of time subject, made the judgment that "the opening is the progress, not open is on backwardness", and expounded that the opening-up is socialism essence manifesting and the intrinsic request, toke the opening-up as the propelling force of socialism development, and the opening-up as a basic national policy which had to persist in long-term.The eighth part is opening-up practice. Great practices produce great and scientific theories, which become infinite power once mastered by multitude. Mao Zedong's opening-up thought is for China's independence, and make the Chinese people stand up! Deng Xiaoping's opening-up thought is for China's development, and make Chinese people be strong! The two giants led on Chinese people to struggle for half a century. Finally, China's opening-up project has made great achievements. Especially since reform and opening-up, China's social productivity continued to rise, and the comprehensive national strength was from weak to strong, the people's standard of living continued to rise, political system constantly improved, nation had brand new outlook, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics was being full of vigor and vitality, China opening-up theory provided a useful reference and valuable experience for the Third World development.The ninth part is the conclusion. This part concluses the influences and functions of the two giants' opening-up thoughts to new china's opening up project, and the centers of the Chinese Communist Party who taking Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao as its cores continuously push forward the opening-up project to a new stage, following by Chinese people. Then it hunts the developing-process, moving-track and progressing-rules. Opening-China is bound to make a greater contribution for the world's economic development and social progress of mankind. Chinese nation will erect stand among the prosperous nations of the world. In the view of this paper, Mao Zedong is the pioneer and the founder for new china's opening-up project. He carries on the long-term difficult exploration for China's opening-up project, and has yielded the huge theory result, has made the tremendous contribution for the development of China's opening-up project. But, because objective historical condition limits it and the "left" subjective mistake disturbs it, Mao Zedong's opening-up thought has not been able to persist to get down constantly, even creates the seal, the national economy development has created the heavy loss. As the successor, total teacher of reform and open policy, Deng Xiaoping, under the new historical condition which the time subject transforms, has inherited Mao Zedong's opening-up thought and the opening-up project, and has developed Mao Zedong's opening-up thought, and pushed China's opening-up project to a new stage. Throught the endeavor of leadership collectives who taking Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao as its cores, China's multiplayer, total-direction, wide-field opening-up project must be to gain a greater victory, and make a bigger contribution to the development of world civilization.