The Counterespionage Policy Of CPC And The Insurgence Of Kuomintang Army (Sep. 1945-Jun. 1950)

China's War of Liberation is a historical period full of dramatic changes in Chinese society, with maneuvering among various political groups. The Communist Party of China (CPC) broke the ice in the life and death struggle, leading a"peace road"with magnificent sweep. Kuomintang army totaling over 1.18 million rose up (including peaceful reorganization) between September 1945 and June 1950, causing peaceful liberation of nearly 50% of the land of China. It accelerated the disintegration of the ruling clique of Kuomintang, facilitated the progress of war, and also exerted significant and far-reaching impact on reducing the loss of lives and properties, expanding people's forces and building New China. Therefore, the War of Liberation, different from previous war patterns, is more subversive.This dissertation will analyze the thinking mechanism of the counterespionage strategy of CPC, discuss the structure of the system, analyze the inevitability of its existence, explain the rationality of the breakout of the insurgence of Kuomintang army and the logical relationship between the counterespionage strategy of CPC and the insurgence of Kuomintang army, evaluate the effectiveness and impacts of the counterespionage strategy of CPC and reveal the research value of this topic so as to benefit the research of this topic. This dissertation is under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought; on the basis of studying historical documents in depth and in detail; using theories of history, politics, informatics, psychology, propaganda and other disciplines comprehensively; combining many research methods and measures including combination of historical document analysis and theoretical analysis, combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, combination of horizontal comparison and vertical review, combination of textual research of history and analysis of policy-making theory of modern politics; on the basis of an overall understanding of shaping, development of the counterespionage strategy of CPC and the historical process of Kuomintang insurgence.Introduction reviews the study of issues relating to the counterespionage policy of CPC and the insurgence of Kuomintang army in domestic and overseas academic circles and points out the issues to be solved urgently in the research of this kind. Introduction explains the research target and method, research purport and innovation of topic selection, points out such innovation that this dissertation summarizes the relationship among military environment on which the counterespionage policy of CPC relies, development of the thoughts of counterespionage targets and the practical unfolding of the counterespionage. The innovations also include the review of the survival ideology, views on official career of insurrectionists, etc. and explanation on development of thoughts of insurrectionists on the level of culture; comparative analysis of CPC's counterespionage of Kuomintang army's insurgence from the perspectives of failure and success so as to draw experience and lessons; systematic research and philosophical analysis on theory and practice of the counterespionage policy of CPC.Chapter One reviews the CPC's counterespionage of Kuomintang army's insurgence from the perspectives of transitional stage of War of Liberation, stage of strategic defense and strategic offense, and the stage of strategic decisive battle and strategic pursuit. It points out that the development trend of the War of Liberation is in proportion to the effect of counterespionage of CPC. Counterespionage relied on the military situation during the War of Liberation and was carried out with the progress of the War, which manifests a relationship of dialectic unity between military affairs and politics: unity is achieved through fighting and fighting is achieved through unity.Chapter Two makes a systematic analysis on the practice of counterespionage policy of CPC, discusses the organizational leadership and nature of this policy, the executors and targets of counterespionage, selection of countermeasures and actions, see through thinking of CPC's counterespionage of Kuomintang army's insurgence, and indicates the dialectic unity relationships between subjectivity and objectivity, antinomy and identity, universality and particularity, chanciness and inevitability, tortuosity and advancement, quantitative change and qualitative change, part and whole, elite and mass. These relationships are not only the essence of Marxism but also the key characteristic of the thinking of CPC's counterespionage of Kuomintang army's insurgence. It is because CPC applied Marxism to practical situations of China that CPC won the great victory of counterespionage of Kuomintang army's insurgence.Chapter Three analyzes thinking movements of insurgence generals of Kuomintang army and indicates that for most insurgences, political future, a value consideration rooted in the mind of insurgence generals, is the most fundamental internal force for engendering the insurgence; the added value is that the life and property can be saved. According to different research perspectives of the insurgence of Kuomintang army, the insurgences can be classified into different types and the insurgences hereby fall into 3 categories and 6 subcategories for detailed analysis. Comparatively speaking, the nature of the primary type insurgence army changed more downright than external factor-driven type and progressive type; more patient and detailed reconstruction was needed for abrupt type army than progressive type and external factor-driven type army after the insurgence, so as to make them accept the leadership of proletariate regime and have a firm faith in taking revolutionary road.Chapter Four summarizes the experience and lessons of CPC's counterespionage of Kuomintang army's insurgence and indicates that the lesson of the failure of these insurgences is definitely the experience in achieving success of more insurgences. During the War of Liberation, CPC members working against the enemy and the insurgence generals of Kuomintang army made a miracle of winning victory without firing a shot in the war history in virtue of strong will, detailed masterminding, prudent deployment and courageous and resolute action. This chapter also reviews the historic significance of the insurgence of Kuomintang army, indicates that the counterespionage of CPC and the insurgence of Kuomintang army not only facilitates disintegration of Kuomintang, accelerates the victory progress of the War of Liberation, but also has historic significance to reducing the loss of lives and properties, saving national assets, enhancing acceptance of CPC's political propositions by democratic personages, consolidating unified united front, reserving talents for building the nation and expanding national defense power. The theory and practice of counterespionage policy of CPC enrich our experience in fights against the enemy and set a brilliant example in the war history of the world.Conclusion points out that the following strategy has highly important status in the War of Liberation: CPC's counterespionage of democratic and progressive forces of Kuomintang and wavering middle forces to establish united front with them, isolating and beating reactionary and stubborn forces and staging armed war of liberation at the same time. This strategy worked with military attack in an unconventional manner and played a special and irreplaceable historic role.It reveals that the counterespionage strategy of CPC is not a universal model, but the research on it has realistic significance of reference and revelation in clearing misunderstanding, tension and conflict that are caused by crash among ideologies.