On The Fundamental Change Of The Research Standpoint Of Marx's Economics

This thisis discloses a fact that Marx's reseach standpoint experienced fundamental change in his economics research process Through the understanding of Marx's significance of the text. This change is from Philosophy standpoint to the positive science standpoint. This fact reveals that we should be object to studying the problem of reality on the basis of the principle ,and must solve these problems through positive scientific research on a world on the basis of the facts.First of all, this thesis elaborates the Marx's initial motivation of studying economics and the Marx's economics theory taking the year of 1845 as boundary. Marx had a negative attitude to the labor-value theory of classical economics, and criticised classical economics because that classical economics is a science of wealth before 1845. Marx's economics theoretical research is still in the non-Marxist historical phase. After 1845, Marx began confirm the labor-value theory definitely, and take the labor-value theory as basis,and take theory of surplus-value as the core to study the occurrence and developmentof capitalism society , the inevitable demise of capitalism demonstrates the history of the law, pointing out that the social Marxist revolution and realize the inevitability of communism.Secondly, the thesis mainly set forth Marx's philosohy standpoint of early economics study. The so-called"philosohy standpoint"means that Marx had a negative attitude to"philosohy",and that he didn't criticise and deny philosohy itself, though Marx criticised and denied different kinds of philosohy. Philosohy is the core of his thought process. He took"philosohy"as the general principle of interpreting the world, and he probed into different kinds of problems on the basis of the principle. In the books of the Eonomics and Philosohy Manuscripts in 1844 and the Holy Family, Marx denied the labor-value theory of Classical Economics on the basis of humanism principle,and declared the anti-human essence of classical economics ,and showed recognition and appreciation for Proudhon's Critique of Political EconomicsThen, the thesis focuses on the establishment of Marx's positive science standpoint. The so-called " positive science standpoint " is such a stance: denying "philosophy", the recognition to reality is not in accordance with any principle of theory, but in accordance with reality itself. We wust get recognition of reality by studying reality itself and put reality itself as the thinking of the highest standards of truth.In the book of Karl Marx's Eleven Thesen on Feuerbach (1845), Marx first showed his objection and negation to "philosophy". Marx looked on himself as non-philosopher in contrast with "philosopher". In the book of the German Ideology(1845-1846),Marx again showed his objection and negation to "philosophy",meantime, he established the positive science standpoint. These facts were also embodied in the late works of Marx and Engels.Next , the thesis focuses on the positive science standpoint showed in the late Marx Economics. The positive science standpoint was profoundly embodied in the late study of political economics.In the books of Poverty of Philosophy and Bastiat and Carey ,Marx profoundly criticized Proudhon, Bastiat and Carey who studied problems from the abstract principles of fairness, justice and harmony. , At the same time, Marx used positive science standpoint in the political economics study,so his political economics theory became the positive science. The positive science standpoint was mainly embodied in the books of Poverty of Philosophy, 1857-1858 manuscript of economics and Das Kapital.Finally, the thesis mainly probes the non-positive science standpoint in the study of western economics. In the study of western economics, economists reguarded " selfish person ", that is, "economic man" as the starting point of studying the economic behavior of human beings and the market economy, and thus deduced the whole economics system and the history of economy process.This standpoint is wrong because that they studied economics from the abstract principle of "economic man" assumption. In order to safeguard social order and economic interests of the ruling class, western scholars didn't illustrate the emergence of the concept of justice and the inevitability of the distribution of wealth from the production method in accordance with the development of productive forces of society. They established different justice principles to explain the economy reality and put them into practice,these principles originated from abstract concepts, such as "virtue", "natural status","original status "and" individual rights ". Those standoint that not base on the social & economic structure instead coming from the abstract justice principle to study economic reality problems, is non- positive science standpoint and basically wrong.This thesis based on the fact of Marx's economics study, following the principle that logic and history should be combined,and the principle that theory should be in accordance with practice, reveals the fact that Marx's reseach standpoint has once experienced fundamental change. We should conscientiously study Marx's scientific character that the study of economic theory must be based on economic facts. We should set Marx for a good example. We should regard our theories as reflection of reality,and should not let the facts go to accommodate the principle of abstract theories. Only to establish the study standpoint based on objective economic facts, only to let our theoretical achievements of the socialism market economy be true reflection of objective facts, only to reveal inherent development laws of socialism market-economy, can we provide a correct theory that be able to guide the practice of Chinese socialism.