Theory Of History "problem Structure" And The Marxist Theory Of Historical Reconstruction

When discussing on how history theory constructs history, there are always two important issues. One is how to look on the reality of the history, especially how to look on the inter-relation between the reality of the history and history theory. The other issue lays on what theoretical premises of history theory is, and how these premises work on history theory. In this article, the reality of the history has been considered as absolute prerequisite for any establishment of history theory, and it plays regulative and directive functions on history theory. The reality of the history not only provides developing direction and final aim for history theory, but also limits its scope. "Problematics" are relative premises of history theory. The problematics and the study objects are two aspects of one process, and theoretical premises which are included by the problematics may educe logically relative contents and theoretical blanks in history theory.The first chapter of this thesis explains the inter-relation between the reality of the history and history theory. History theory is history knowledge established by intellectual concepts, while the reality of the history is a transcendental rational concept which represents integrity of the past. Therefore, the inter-relation between the reality of the history and history theory can be described by Kant's theory of "regulativ".The second chapter of this paper discusses the problematics that are consisted of relative premises. The explanation of problematics contains following connotations: first, the connection between "problematics" and historians; second, the connection between "problematics" and specific contents of history theory; third, effects of "problematics" on history theory.In the third chapter, the article constructs two ideal and pure problematics with Max Weber's method "ideal type". One pure problematic may be called as "problematic of the continuity of history theory". Another pure problematic may be called as "problematic of intermittent history theory", which considers discontinuity as the study object of history theory. Different problematics may make different theoretical contents and blanks to history theories.The fourth chapter of this paper develops a new understanding to Marx's history theory. Research on The German Ideology indicates that Marx's history theory in this period shows characters of continuous history theory, which decides that social structure is the "theoretical blank". Research on The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte shows that Marx's history theory in this stage presents characters of intermittent history theory.In the last chapter, this thesis assesses in turn Wilhelm Reich's, Althusser's, and Hook's history theories, points out that all kinds of efforts they have made in their history theories are efforts of filling up the theoretical blanks left by The German Ideology. They have been trying to establish a history theory on social structure for Karl Marx, in another word, a history theory of discontinuity.