The Critiques Of Marx On Capital And Its Practical Significances

Capital is the foundation for the development of modern society, Marx's critique of capital is the most important theory of Marxism. Marx's criticism on capital is based on multiple dimensions in facts and theories, capital and philosophy, There was a dual character of critiques with economics and philosophy. Marx devoted almost all of his life to study the capital, in the production, circulation and the overall process of capital production.First of all, Marx's criticism of capital reflected realistic society and criticized on the basis of scientific evidence. When he served as editor of "Rheinische Zeitung", he encountered the problem in expressing his views on the material interests. These problem in material interests needed Marx to answer in theory, it is the initial motivation of Marx to study economics. From then on, Marx's began to research and writing in political economy.Second, Marx's capital theory is based on mercantilism, importance of agriculture, classical economy and other economic critique. It is also a breakthrough in critical method, from the "objective activity", capital was understood. After 1843, Marx wrote "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" and a large number of works based on his study. He proposed the idea of "people's alienation" and " the answers of history mystery in economy", it has laid a preliminary philosophy base on capital study, it was the"Karl Marx's Eleven Theses on Feuerbach "and the" German Ideology " that established the concept of Marx's practical materialism, it is this great found that Marx exposed the inner truth of capital from labor, division of labor, coordination, manual production plant to Large-scale industrial machinery, the publication of "Das Kapital" marks perfect of Marx's criticism of capitalThird, Marx's critical theory of capital is the unity of opposites between critique and construction. Thus, capital criticism of Marx reveals the nature of capital, capital movements and capital inherent contradiction. As Marx revealed the nature of capital is not material, but a specific, social, belongs to a certain degree of historical social forms of production relations. Therefore, the object of study of Marx's capital is the capitalist mode of production, as well as corresponding with its relations of production and exchange relations. On this basis, Marx studied the logical starting point of capital: commodity, proposed labor theory of value scientifically; pointed out the contradiction of general capital formula and its solution; In order to further analyze the substance of the capitalist exploitation of workers, Marx divided the capital into variable of capital and constant capital; during the study of the movement of capital Marx raised the theories of capital in general, capital special, capital accumulation as well as various forms of movement of capital and other aspects of the theory, and further pointed out that the internal contradictions of capital and the capital's historic roleFourth, along with the historical development, capitalism turned into the era of imperialism, Lenin inherited and developed the theory of Marx's criticism of capital and his methods, explored imperialism capital deeply, pointed out that imperialism is monopoly, the dying, decadent capitalism, is the final stage of capitalism. Lenin pointed out the five main economic characteristics of the Empire in detail, , Lenin carried out a detailed investigation on the state monopoly capitalism in the "imperialism is the Highest Stage of Capitalism", especially discussed the social capital in the period of monopoly capitalism in detail, pointed out that the development of social capital is preparing for the transition of the conditions from state monopoly capitalism to socialism; Lenin also gave the idea of the use of capital for the construction of socialist under socialist conditions; regard the relationship between socialism and capital dialectically, should pay attention to ends and means, pay attention to capital positioning. of Modern capitalism has new development. The new changes have appeared in the productive forces, production relations, labor methods. The EOSP and the management of factory workers and other new modes of production appeared, especially the modern joint-stock enterprises extensive established, this creates the transition point from capitalism to socialism. Around the world, a consumer society and the international monopoly capital appear. In contemporary capitalism, capital can also self-adjust to the development of productive forces, but this regulation is limited. The capital socialized, especially the development of joint-stock system becomes the change point from capitalism to socialism.Fifth, the capital plays an important role of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Marx presented a transition period between capitalism and communism in the "Program of Goethe criticism", during this transition period is mainly the development of social productive forces, to prepare the conditions for the transition to socialism. Therefore, the Chinese Communists have made unremitting exploration under socialist conditions. However, we should know that is the use of capital, which also means the use of restrictions under socialist condition, the use and the limitations should be organically combined. at present there is a concept of "the socialist capital, public capital" In theoretical circles, this concept is not logically self-consistent, socialism and capital can't be equated, they are two different concepts in nature, we are Chinese characteristics socialism we must adhere to the socialist orientation. Therefore, under socialist conditions, we can only restrict the use of capital for China's socialist construction.