The Evolution Of Sporting Strategies In People's Republic Of China (1949-2008)

By promoting the rejuvenation of Chinese nation, China sports achieved relatively success with struggling in world sports in the past 60 years. How did China sports got from "Behind" to "Beyond" in such short times? In the more than half a country, it witnessed a strategically evolutionary road. In the view of this paper, the strategies described how did China sports practice in finding developmental models, and the success, which should lies in formulating appropriate strategies, so they fit for the Chinese situations in various history stages. Based on this point, in order to do a comprehensive research on the evolution of strategies, with taking historically strategic studies as the theoretical pivot, this thesis utilized historical analysis, content analysis and logical analysis and so on as research methods. Meanwhile, it employed sports policies, archives, and historical events as analysis object. Therefore, it acquired some significant results as following.First of all, from 1949 to 2008,this research divided the evolution of China sports into four phases by strategic policies, which were "Popularization and Improvement", "Promise Focus", "Prior development in elite sport" and "Harmonious development in all sports" However, these four strategies were not "Package deal", they gradually formed in different circumstances and adjusted in general trend of affaires. Consequently, there was no previous experience to fall back on, so the basic characteristic of the evolution in sports strategies could be described as "wade across the stream by feeling the way"In the second place, three main elements effected sports strategy. First one was the adjustment of national policies. Second, the sports developmental missions changed in different periods. Third, the cognition presented in decision-making level. Although the changes happened in national policy and missions, decision-making level always got the right to modify the sports strategy or not.Moreover, the internal motivation of surpassing strategy was to emphasize on blooming Chinese elite sports. Therefore, it caused that sports in practices were chasing rapid growth, ignoring long-term benefits and sustainable development. "Haste makes waste", a series of inharmonious and unequal affairs appeared in sporting evolution.At last but not the least, to make a comprehensive survey of the evolution of sporting strategies in People's Republic of China, this research found that the strategy in various stages were adopted by historical background and fulfilled the needs of sports, it got relatively successful outcome in practices, and accumulated precious experience. Nevertheless, by the surpassing strategy making great influence, some defects might arise in the evolution. People could not deny the historical experience in the future journey of applying the strategy "Switch from Great Sports Nation to Powerful Sports Nation" Taking a position of strategic level, China sports should give overall consideration with adjusting the surpassing strategy, and comply with the sports discipline for the sake of being a powerful sports nation.