Modern Northwest Hui Social Change Research

Northwestern area is the important place where minorities live and inhabit. Modern times are very vital historic stage to the northwestern Hui nationality. The society then was the most turbulent, and the population of the Hui nationality changed greatly, and the change of the Hui inhabited area was enormous as well. It even influenced the problem that the Hui nationality of the northwestern remote and mountain areas overcoming poverty and having enough to eat and wear at the present. The mightiness of Majia army warlord made great influence to the economic and social development of the Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai provinces. The Hui nationality's politics, economy, culture, education, religion and so on are faced with important transformation. The research of the change of the northwestern Hui nationality's society has very important intellectual merit and realistic Significance. I believe it can promote the mutual understand among various nationalities, in theory and policy, it can provide reference and guidance to further better the work of the minorities, promote the western development and build a harmonious society.The thesis will mainly research the social change of the northwestern Hui nationality in modern times (from 1840 to 1949) including the Hui nationality's population change, the distribution and inhabited areas changes, the political status and economic structure change, the public life and social change, cultural and educational pattern and regional tradition changes, the national relations change and compare, think, two great social change and their features and get the revelations. It involves the reason, process of the northwestern Hui nationality's uprising by the end of the Qing Dynasty, and Qing Government's pacifying policy, including the rise of the northwestern Ma's (Ma Zhan'ao, Ma Qianling and Ma Haiyan's families), influence and important historical incidents. I'd like to probe into the changing reason and process of the northwestern Hui nationality's society in modern times. The theses are mainly divided into the following four parts:the 1st part mainly reviews the historical origin, the population distribution, the economic structure and the social life before the Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty. It considered that the Hui nationality is all over rural and urban areas in the northwestern areas, the population is large, and the feature of the distribution is as other part of the country, it is large dispersion and small settlements, and the inhabited areas have such features:1. By the vital communication lines,2. The soils are easily cultivated.3. In the prosperous downtown. Mainly by agriculture, and they also mix the animal husbandry, and commerce has been the main pattern of the Northwestern Hui nationality's economic structure in society.The 2n part researches the 1st change of the Hui nationality society in the Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty, mainly discusses the background and reason of the change, the explosion and process of the Hui Nationality's uprising and its influence to the society of the northwestern Hui nationality, and to the whole northwest social and economic development. It firstly analyzes the reason of the Hui nationality's uprising, which was the exorbitant taxes and levies, and the masses had no means to live; and in the law, Hui and Han nationalities were not equal; in religion, Hui nationality suffered discrimination; in life the Hui nationality suffered oppression. The TuanLian slaughter was the blasting fuse of Hui nationality's uprising by the end of the Qing Dynasty. It mainly researched the Hui nationality's uprising and the Northwestern Hui nationality's social change, that is Hui nationality population decrease sharply, the change of the Hui Nationality's distribution, Hui Nationality's economic decline, the Hui social differentiation, religious and cultural change, the public life change and the features of the national relations. The army of the Qing dynasty's counter-campaign largely decreased population of the northwestern Hui Nationality. The Qing Government's arrangement for the "Refugee Hui Nationality" changed the original distribution construction of the northwestern Hui nationality in history. It caused all-gong of the traditional Hui Nationality inhabited areas. Quite a few Hui Nationality people after surviving a disaster migrated to infertile soils from wealthy lands, and further caused the change of the Hui nationality's life, economy, religion and culture in chaos from prosperity into decline, and the deep influence which made to the northwestern social and economy.The 3rd part is divided into two chapter, they researched the 2nd change stage of the Northwestern Hui nationality society from the New Deal by the end of the Qing Dynasty to Minguo Period, mainly researched the background of the change; the Rising of the Ma's group's influence to the Northwestern Hui nationality society, the Hui nationality's modern times economy sprout and change of the economy, the change of the Hui nationality public life, the new cultural movement of the Hui nationality's and the rising of the new-style education, Islamic reviving and developing and the new change of the Northwestern Hui nationality's national consciousness. The background of the 2nd great change began with implementation of the new deal by the end of the Qing Dynasty. On the aspect of the economic change, I researched the fur industry, transportation and the features of the Hui nationality economy and influence. On the change of public life, I researched the mental attitute, the lift, the rebellion of the Hui nationality's, and change of the national relations. On the cultural educational change, I researched the new cultural movement of the Hui nationality, the background which emerged Hui nationality's new style education, the outline of the new style education, the difference between the new education and the traditional old Chinese education, the Hui nationality's education in the Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia Border Regions. On the Islamic change, I researched the development and expansion of Iraq's, the rising of the Philippines, emerging sect of Islam menhuan, Jahriyyah fit for the society, the change of Grimm and other Sect of Islam menhuan and the Islam in the Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia Border Regions. On the national consciousness, I researched the new change of the northwestern Hui Nationality's, which is the Hui people's positive Anti-Japanese and Hui warlords'enhancement of the national consciousness.The 4th part is the conclusion, by comparing the features of the twice changes of the northwestern Hui nationality's society, that is the different background, different causes, different propertie, different styles, different results, different contributions, different social influences and different experiments and lessons, I presented my thought and revelation on modern northwestern Hui nationality's social and history change. I think that the good national relationship has been always the main stream of history; the national equality has been the foundation of the national unity, the premise of the various nationalities'unity, prosperity, and improvement. The social environment of unrest damages benefits of all nationalities and influences the development of all nationalities. The steady and harmonious social environments are most favorable to the Hui nationality's social development. The social stabilization and development of Hui nationality are of great importance to the stabilization and development northwestern areas.