The Study On Development And Model Conversion Of Social Welfare In Rural China

For a long time, Chinese famers have made a great contribution to the economic reform and social development. After the policy of reform and opening, the social welfare system in urban area has become more and more perfect since its continuous reform. High welfare benefit, comprehensive security project, steady and systematized welfare system can be available to most of the urban citizens. While the rural residents rarely enjoy social welfare benefit, social welfare system construction has long-term been marginalized. From the new century on, the government has sped up the pace of social welfare system construction in rural area, putting forward the aims of establishing social welfare system which covered both city and urban area. Based on China's specific conditions and background, from the beginning of the foundation of new China, social welfare development in rural area has its unique development. Social welfare develops rapidly in these days. Exploring the social welfare in different historical stages and the mode conversion during the period of more than60years, has a significant and positive influence on healthy development of rural social welfare.Social welfare has a broad concept both in connotation and extension and aims at meeting and guaranteeing all material and spiritual life needed material resources and service support for all the members of society. According to this essay, the change of the rural land system will be the perspective, the main line will be the development of social welfare and from welfare sociology theory, and the rural social welfare development will be divided into three stages. In view of the actual condition in rural social welfare development, we'll analyze the development and mode conversion of social welfare according to social assistance, rural cooperative medical treatment, rural old-age support security and education welfare.In the first part, the analysis of the construction of the social welfare is based on individual economic. The background of the development of the social welfare is the land reform and agricultural mutual help and cooperation movement. The main contents of the social welfare during this stage are social relief. The individual economy is the foundation of rural social welfare in this period, which is the family welfare dominated by the state, belong to selective welfare type. However, the social welfare development balanced the relation between equity and efficiency. Secondly, this essay analyzes the development of the social welfare in collective economy, focusing on the rural natural disasters, farmers'living poverty relief institutions, five guarantees, cooperative medical care system in rural area and the establishment of welfare measures and policies. The welfare policy and practice is addressed under the background of planned economic system in this period. The collective economy is the foundation of rural social welfare in this period. Social welfare supply is the main part of the rural collective economic organizations. To adapt to the national industrialization, urbanization construction and meet the need of high purchase of agricultural products is the deep reason of this welfare model. During this time, in addition to society's disaster relief system,"five guarantees" system and cooperative medical system were added to rural social welfare system. The rural social welfare under collective economic conditions follows absolute equalitarianism distribution system. Because of the lower development of rural economy, the security level it can provide is very low:the scope of implementation is confined to the rural community, the system lacks stability, mostly stay in policy aspect. Therefore, it is a kind of traditional collective benefits but it plays a potential universal type of welfare model, not forming a good interactive with the economic development. The third part is about the reform and reconstruction of rural social welfare of market economy condition. Rural production operation way reform and social transformation challenge is the background of social welfare development. Then mainly study the rural disaster relief, social relief,"five guarantees", minimum life guarantee system and medical assistance as the main contents of the social aid system development and the problems in the process of economic transformation, and puts forward the micro suggestions as well. Then the research with modern social welfare system of the significance of rural cooperative medical care system, the exploration of old age insurance and losing and reconstruction, and its development and the problems, and puts forward micro suggestions as well. Rural social welfare has the added compulsory education welfare in this period, and puts forward micro suggestions as well. Although social welfare won the rapid development in market economy condition, social welfare system also began gradually become social and institutional. On the whole, the social welfare system is still not a relatively mature system, because of the problems existing. To be gradually perfected in practice. The social welfare system is low, as it's development lags behind. The principal character is not in coordination with economic development. Rural social welfare change to moderate universal welfare model, and is the family+modern social welfare system model.Finally, this essay uses the welfare sociological theory to explain the60-years development and model conversion of rural social welfare. First of all, from three aspects, explains the development logic of rural social welfare:in particular to welfare needs from survival to development, welfare funds from single to multiple, welfare supplies main body from family to society. Secondly, the model has experienced three stages model conversion, namely family welfare mode, collective welfare model, family+modern social welfare system welfare model. From the above, the basic conclusions and policy recommendations for the rural social welfare development can be made. The rural social welfare development must be adapted to the development of rural productivity, the rural social welfare development must be licensed by the state plays a dominant role, the rural social welfare development lack of a sustainable development, the rural social welfare development did not get enough attention, lags behind the development of rural social welfare. Therefore, the development of rural social welfare should strengthen rural social welfare development in the leading role of the government, hold to a family in rural social welfare provision in the basic position, made clear rural social welfare development goal, a reasonable choice of the current rural social welfare model, adhere to the principle of scientific development of rural social welfare.