The Study Of Education Immigration Policy In The Process Of Rural Urbanization In Hainan Province

Since the establishment of Hainan Special Economic Zone twenty years ago, its tourism industry has been playing an exponentially prominent role in driving the development of related industries. But because of the sparsity of population, the low population quality and the flatted level of urbanization in Hainan Province, its current development of urban and rural areas does not fit in that of its tourism industry. In order to better serve the overall situation of the development of Hainan as an international tourist island, its rural urbanization has to be pressed forward continuously. In exploring the rural urbanization process, Wangxia Town of Changjiang County in Hainan Province took the lead in implementing the Education Immigration Policy to bring the children out of impoverished mountainous areas into the cities for education. This move not only integrated the education resources, improved education quality and promoted the balanced development of education, but also to certain degree protected the tropical rain forest, which was significant in promoting Hainan's rural urbanization and education development. Consequently, it got the full affirmation of Hainan Provincial Government. It was the governmental support that promoted the formation of Education Immigration Policy.Hainan's Education Immigration Policy results from its political, economic and social development and has experienced the following stages:conducting joint research, carrying out the immigrant project and comprehensively constructing Si Yuan Experimental School. From July to August,2007, under the leadership of the Policy Research Office of Hainan Provincial Committee of CPC, a joint research group composed of Department of Education, Department of Finance, Department of Civil Affairs and Poverty Relief Office of Hainan Province, conducted a half-month-long investigation in cities and counties like Chang Jiang, Bai Sha, Tun Chang, Qiong Zhong and Wu Zhishan and then issued the Research Report of Education Immigration in Hainan Province. Under the guidance of this report, the Hainan Education Immigration Project was launched and its Education Immigration Policy was progressively improved and refined. The comprehensive construction of Si Yuan Experimental School signified that Hainan Education Immigration Policy had entered a brand-new development period. However, in the operation of this policy, a set of important issues hidden behind it gradually emerged, which were characterized by the distortions of its value orientation, the incompleteness of its content and the cultural conflicts in implementing it and the lack of appraisal of its implementation effect.Education immigration policy has a profound academic basis. Firstly, with regards to its value orientation, education immigration policy, as a public policy, must ensure the equality of education, seeing to it that the vulnerable groups can also enjoy education resources impartially and avoiding the inequality of opportunities for development. Meanwhile, it also has to reduce the education immigration spending as far as possible and keep the dynamic balance of fairness and efficiency of the policy. Secondly, education immigration policy has its own structures, including issue structure, goal structure and case structure, with the issue structure functioning as its foundation, the goal structure as orientation and the case structure as guarantee. Thirdly, education immigration policy has its own execution mode and assessment methods of its effect. Its execution mode should integrate two kinds of policy implementation modes, namely top-down and bottom-up modes and its implementation effect should be assessed by its assessment methods. In evaluating the education immigration policy, the following questions should be taken into consideration:whether the plans fit in the change of the structure of the audience, whether the plans are acknowledged by the society, whether the plans themselves match each other, whether the plans are appropriate to solve relevant problems and finally whether the design of the plans meets the actual situation of the executors.Undoubtedly, whether the goals of the education immigration policy can be achieved smoothly depends on the formulation of the policy and the ways of implementing it. Firstly, it is essential to switch the philosophy of the policy from the developmentalism, with growth as its priority, into humanism, which is people-oriented and culture-identified. On this ground, the financial transfer payment system of education immigration in Hainan Province can be established so as to ensure its appropriation expenditure. Furthermore, it is essential to form a sound management system and interest-expressing mechanism of education immigration policy to give full play to the subjective spirit in the process of establishing and enforcing it. Through this, the subjects of the policy can better adjust themselves in order to deal with its uncertainty, solve its impedance and finally form a resultant force in this policy. Eventually, it is also fundamental to establish a compensating mechanism for education immigration policy through which the compensation for disadvantaged groups can be fulfilled and the deviations in the process of establishing and enforcing the policy can be promptly rectified.