Study On The Stratification Structure And Social Security Mode Of The Aged

There has been coming an obvious stratified trend in the aged in modern time. So it is an important title that how to solve the contradictory effectively between the security demand and supply in undeveloped china. The study on this question in the past always viewed the aged as a whole and analyzed from the relation between generations or aging structure. They ignored the large difference in the old. Thereby, the"multi-support and multi-layer"security mode spark-plugged by the government can not be curried out deeply. Therefore, it is undoubtedly an important entrance to solve the problem that stratify the aged and provide corresponding security mode.The paper gave an example study on Changchun city by economic standard. The result indicates that different aged person has different level earning: if we scale their income refer to the standard of living and consumption level in modern time, there has shown a needle peak, thick foundation, great middle-stratum structure that is alike to a battle-plane about the aged. That is to say, the standard of living on most old people is low. The proportion of the under-layer is similar to that of the middle-layer, most old people are between these two layers who are named middle-lower-layer, and both of the proportion of the super-stratum and middle-super-stratum are very low. Moreover, nobody is isolated, their institution will be influenced by their children who may hoist their parent by providing support or drag them down by asking for the old mother or the father. The degree that the children support their parent or ask for them isn't relation to the aged income but to the children's work and the relevant economic level. But in any case, it is a impersonal fact that there has appeared a clear social stratification. As well as, the stratification structure is dynamic, it will change following the economic development and a person's improving life.The reason led to the battle-plane stratification structure of the aged is very complex. Firstly, the economic structure transits from the single public-owned structure to the excessive-possession structure that all structures coexist focused on the public-owned. Because the component becomes diversification and the distributed pattern is changed, as well as the government measures is not perfect, the income gap has been broadened with the development of the economy. Secondly, during adjusting the owning system, the third industry has been booming. The industrial structure also transform and promote from labor-intensive form to capital, technology-intensive, correspondingly it's jobholders'income also fast enhances, these have all enlarged between people's income disparity. Thirdly, the policy adjustment that goes to the country, goes into business and comes off duty in the social reforming also influenced the contemporary society senior citizens'life directly and obviously. Fourthly, the last job play the key role to the old layer position. Most super-stratum aged are national cadre, but the under-layer are all that have steady occupation and have no occupation in all life. The way that the pension is relation to the occupation before retiring prescribed by the government mark off the aged obviously. Fifthly, that how to leave the job affects the old citizen's economic level, layer situation and security mode etc, especially, different treatment makes a large gap among the aged. Sixthly, family structure style can also influence the earning level and corresponding position of the aged. Among this, the bigger influence appears in the no-child families, nuclear family, large family and the non-completed family etc. Anyhow, the factor is rather complex, we can't say which one is absolute, which one can influence deeper than the others. But we can conclude that any factor can affect more or less, all these factors lead to the aged social stratification in modern time.Different people have different ability. Different people need different security mode. We should use different resource according to different objects, so as to actualize security policy pertinently and avoid wasting the resource.Concretely, according to the poverty under-layer old persons who starve for the food, medical treatment and care, they have no ability to life by themselves in the light of current price level and consume level, so the go-as-you-go system doesn't suit them at all. Thereby, we still protest to provide subsidy and social aid on base of family inquisition to them.According to the middle-under-layer old people, they can save a little via"pinch and scrape"without suddenness hazard. Therefore, the younger old people who had formal job should attend actively the unite-individual-combine supporting mode in order to increase pension by social unite. These who without job or the unit he worked has been to the end can't attend social unite, they may consider to join some business insurance to guard against hazard and crisis in aged period. They should consider the support in elder period at the cost of current consumption. If the current income only can maintain the nowadays life, they can stimulate their children to attend insurance with the higher return, this can also extend the family function. If they haven't child or their children have no fealty, they can consider other modes such as providing for the aged with house or with a partner etc.According for the middle-layer old persons, because they commonly have capital asserts, steady pension or better children, their life is relative comfortable deduct from natural maintenance and consumption. They should participate in the pay-as-you-go system based on basic pension. For the sake of guarding against the lacking of the fee-for-service, they can buy a portion of the medical insurance. Devotion in advance for forecasting disease will lighten both their economic press and their children's. They can also consider buying national debt or openly fund.According to the upper-middle-layer and the super-stratum old persons, without biggest disease, their matter life has no any problem; they will pursue the spiritual life. So they can take part in the unite-individual-combine supporting mode or pay-as-you-go system, they can buy some fund and stock or choice freedom life style. We advise that they should help the poverty by using their economic and prestigious as well as cultural capital so as to contribute to the society. Toward themselves, in order to have a good time, they can enter the tourist-attraction and live in luxury rest-home. In a word, different layer can referent to different insurance mode, we don't dare to prescribe for the Chinese social security system, but we really want to take my pigmy effort. Certainly, none of the modes is absolute, the aged concept will play a restricted role, so all of the advices are only a kind of reference. Anyone can choose any way; the same policy is different to different person.After realizing the inner structure, if we want to ensure most old people's life, and bring the tri-support and tri-stratification mode into effect, we should try our best to exert synthetically all the energy including the government, the society, the children and the old themselves. First, the government may directly utilize the finance, or drive the unite-individual-combine supporting mode by temptation, and they also can organize to manage the pension (include capture, use, increment and provide.) Second, all circles in society should make good use of their ability to support the old. We can make the best use of the third department to take over the fund and social relief, to bring the charity fund organization into play. As the most concentrated place, the community gives us a wide space; it will be an important force to help the poverty. Third, the family still can play its role. Based on the filial concept, children should support their parents directly or indirectly. Thereby, they should support the substance, care and spiritual comfort. Fourth, the aged themselves should choose a suitable mode. No matter which old person, he should have gentle attitude, surpass the dread of dying and enjoy life happily. This is not only the first step but also the key step to a good life. At the same time, the old should face the reality to choose the suitable mode for themselves in order to have good late years.Anyhow, we can neither ignore the obvious difference in the old nor measure them by unitive scale and satisfy all requirements by uniform system. Thereby, it is not only essential but hot to classify the old and orient right position. It helps the old who have different life condition and different concept to choose reasonable mode so as not to be their children's burden. This is not only an important way to provide for the aged efficiently but a necessary choice to develop economy and construct harmonious society.