| In the governmental report at the 16th CPC National Congress, it is said, for the purpose of complete construction of well-off society, it is necessary for China to establish a human-oriented view in all-round, harmonious and sustaining development. In Outline of the 11th Five-Years Plan for National economic and Social Development, it is advocated to construct a leaning society and innovative country. The core of the scientific development view is human-oriented. The human quality is directly related to the development of education. So the education development and the advance of science and technology are premises for construction of a leaning society and innovative country. Presently, competition between countries more lies in competition in science, technology and talents. In this case, education is top important in a country, especially a country like China with a huge population.Since the policy of reform and opening-up was carried out, the education in China has grown up rapidly. The government increases its public expenditures in education every year, which has greatly satisfied the social demands in education and also improved the labor quality. However, China is such a developing country with a huge population where the education level is low on average. Compared with developed countries, even some developing countries, China is absolutely disadvantageous in education investment over the past few years. Therefore, educational investment has always been concerned by many academic researchers and practical operators in China.By studying the educational investment either at home or overseas, we can see there are mainly two opinions: education economics and education finance. Education economics was originated in Western countries. Schultz is one of its representative. Scholars created the concepts of human labor capital upon study on factors for economic growth in Western countries. On this basis, from the view of supply, they, by means of basic theories of microeconomics as well as a lot of mathematic analysis, mainly concerns the effectiveness of human education investment on economic growth. But almost no systematic study has been done on governmental behavior in educational investment. In China, the study on educational investment also refers to the basic concepts and analytical methods. However, such study was originated from the supply-and-demand contradiction in governmental education funds. So it is related to finance from the beginning. Some learners, including Li Yining, Wang Shanmai, Lao Kaisheng, aiming at the shortage of governmental education funds, emphasize particularly on the education attribute and the financing of government education funds. From the view of consumers, the study is theoretically based on public products. Recently, scholars of new generation have made studies on education investment from the point of human resources. Liao Chuhui is one representative among them, whose works including"Economics Analysis on Governmental Education Expenditures","Studies on Human Resources and Education Finance","Education Finance", etc. By making cost-benefit analysis in educational investment, he particularly studies on how to improve the supply and efficiency of governmental public expenditures in education. He definitely put forward the concept of"Education Finance". So, his research still involves government education expenditure, which is government investment.Under the market economy, educational investment is rapidly increasing with the times of knowledge economy coming. The governmental expenditures in public education has been far to completely satisfy the educational demand in the society. The government shall not, and it is impossible for the government to cover everything in educational investment. Educational resources must be configured by the market as things are going. Actually, such trend has become more and more obvious. Under the multi-investor circumstance, education is not a public product simply. It has become a mixed product which can be invested either by the government or the market. Education reflects investment behavior. And human resources shaped through education are key factors for the social and economic development. Besides the same characteristics, the factor of education has its own feature, which directly impact governmental behavior in education investment. So, governmental behaviors in educational investment are more than implementation. We not only have to improve its performance, but also shall induct efficient configure of education resources, regulate the educational investment made by other investors, create a fair and high-efficient environment for the social investment and improve the social welfare level. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically expand such study on government behavior in education investment. In this case, it supplies a gap in education finance and education economics. Additionally, it is of significance to increase the volume in education investment, improve the efficiency and benefits of governmental education investment, and upgrade the social welfare level.The author is trying to unify the theoretic logic and practical logic. It is in the outline of question-analysis-solution. In details, firstly, grasping two keys of"education investment"and"governmental behavior", the author has summarize relevant Chinese or foreign literatures, which are theoretic basis for his study; secondly, the author analyzes the current situation of education investment, and present several contradictions in education investment, and make such conclusion that the causes deeply lie in deficiency of government behavior, which the author makes analysis in details accordingly; thirdly, the author put forward the importance of education investment and the inevitability of education investment by government, enterprises, family and individuals. The author also points out the disadvantages in case of the above investment made individually by investors, which clearly prove there shall be multi-investors in education. Then, as the general management over social and economic development, the government must take action to coordinate the relationship between investors, refer to social power to increase education investment and improve the investment performance of each investor, which demonstrating the necessity of government behaviors in education investment. Lastly, by analyzing the governmental behavior in education investment in developed countries (taking U.S.A as an example), developing countries (taking India as an example) and in Japan (where the culture background is similar to Chinese, the author summarize some favorable ideas, and taking the actual situation in China into consideration, put forward several suggestions to improve the governmental behaviors in education investment.This thesis is in six chapters, totally 130,000 characters in Chinese.Chapter I: Introduction. The author makes explanation why to select this topic and its theoretic and actual significance. Researches on this topic at home or overseas are introduced in this part. The author also sets forth his thoughts and the structure of the thesis. Additionally, the author specifies the novelties in this thesis, listed the difficulties and problems for further study.Chapter II: Summary on relevant theories and works. This part is theoretic basis for the whole thesis, in which the author systematically explains the theories related to governmental behaviors in education investment, effective supply of public products and human investment as well as other governmental behaviors. He also makes comments on each theory, which, more importantly, is the breakthrough point of this thesis.Chapter III: The currant situation of education investment in China and the"vacancy"of governmental behavior. The contents in this part complete embody the actual meaning of this topic. From the development and revolution of education investment in China, the author summarizes the governmental behaviors in education investment at various stages. Then, the author makes comparison between the general situation in China and in the world, and horizontally in such aspects as district structure, education levels, structure in urban and rural areas, which shows that it is absolutely and relatively deficient in educational investment in China. Furthermore, the author analyzes the Vacancy of governmental behaviors in education investment, foreshadowing the next chapters.Chapter IV: The necessity of governmental behaviors in education investment. By analyzing the importance of education investment, pricing of educational products, the necessity and disadvantages of education investment by multi-investors, the authors demonstrates that education investment is playing an crucial role in economic and social development. Because education is a mixed product of commodity feature, it cannot be completely controlled by the market system. Neither the government nor single enterprise, family, or individual can independently make education investment. There will be obvious abuses in case of education investment by single investor. Therefore, the importance of education investment requires governmental behaviors while the governmental behaviors must be made to avoid the abuses arising from education investment by single investor.Chapter V: Foreign governmental behaviors in education investment and favorable experiences. The author refers to successful experiences in other countries. He typically selects the developed country, the developing country and the Asian country which share similar cultural background as Chinese, they respectively are, U.S.A, India and Japan. In this part, the author discusses education investment and the governmental behaviors in these countries and concludes the features of their governmental behaviors.Chapter VI: To perfect Chinese governmental behavior in education investment. Basing on the previous five chapters, the author specifies the preconditions for Chinese governmental behaviors in education investment. He also put forward suggestions on government functions in inducting, implementing, controlling and managing, e.g. to establish an education development strategy suitable for China's situation, strengthen the governmental capability in education investment, expanding financing channels other than governmental funds, enhance social adjustment and control over education investment, and optimize the environment for education investment. This part highlights the practicability of this thesis.In the above outline, the thesis is precise in structure and of a logistic system. The author integrates standards and examples in this thesis. With respect to theories, he makes analysis according to economic standards while regarding to examples, he make surveys at various points of views, macroeconomics or microeconomics, which can better make readers convinced. In addition, the author combines quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Apart from the common calculation, relevant methods are introduced. For instance, software as EVIEWS,SPSS are used to deeply process data. The method of comparison is adopted to study the education investment in China and in foreign countries, in different areas in China, at various education levels, etc.By reading and completely refer to studies by domestic or overseas scholars in education investment, the author is trying to make innovations in the following aspects:1. To fill the vacancy in education economics and education finance. Education economics emphasizes the effect of education investment to economic growth while education finance stresses the governmental education investment. Basing on these two aspects, the author tries to completely and systematically study the governmental behaviors in education investment.2. To clarify the scopes of"governmental education investment"and"governmental behaviors in education investment". The author clearly specifies that the former is less than the latter.3. To expand the study on education investment. The thesis is based on multi-investor in human resources and fluidity of human resources. The author places vocational training and normal education equally, considering both of them into the study on education investment.4. The author thinks that human resources can maximize its value and function. At the same time, it can speed up the increment of physical capital. He defines it as"motile"and"positive"increment. 5. The author agrees that there is absolute deficiency in Chinese education investment. By analyzing the benefits after the government increases the education investment, the author put forward a novel opinion that in Chinese education investment, there is a relative deficiency caused by loss in efficiency.This topic covers several subjects, including finance, economics, education economics, demology, public economics, metric economics, etc. But the author is not versed in all fields. So there could be some oversights and surface opinions. Also, the comparison is limited to data at hand. It cannot be supported by latest data. And it is deficient in quantitative study on analysis of the investment proportion among the government, enterprise and individuals. All these are questions for further study.
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