Research On Phase Compartmentalization And Phase Characteristics Of Overall Perennial Training Among Excellent Gymnasts Of China

On the base of survey and analyze a lot of case about excellence gymnasts, the author confirmed the time and fixed number of year of gymnastics training phases and analysis the new characters of different training phases about gymnastics overall perennial training by researching the change of gymnastics rule and development trend so as to instruct the competitive gymnastics and provide theory reference in training idea which may obtain excellent success for Chinese gymnasts in 2008.The result as follows:The phase compartmentalization of overall perennial training among excellent gymnasts of China is five phases: enlighten training phases, basic training phases, improving ability training phases, best competitive ability training phases, competitive ability keeping training phases.The enlightener training age of mankind is 5-6, training fixed number of year is 2-3 years. The beginning age of basic training phases is 7-9 which pass through 4-5 years. The beginning age of improving ability training phases is 12-14 and enter best competitive ability training phases in 17-20 which through 5-6 years. While pass 4-5 years, the age of competitive ability keeping training phases is 21-26 and retired in 25-30 which keeping 4-6 years.The enlightener training age of female is 4-6, training fixed number of year is 2 years. The beginning age of basic training phases is 6-8 which pass through 3-4 years. The beginning age of improving ability training phases is 10-12 and enter best competitive ability training phases in 15-17 which through 4-5 years. While pass 3-4 years, the age of competitive ability keeping training phases is 18-22 and retired in 22-26 which keeping 3-4 years.The characters of enlighten training phases is: find out the abilities and genius by observation training those enfant who can take part in gymnastics training; bring up gymnastics consciousness, gymnastics interest and nurturance favorable training habit; development harmony, prompt, flexible and bring up the ability of apperceive space-time; the training of gymnastics basic motion, basic technique and basic pose. The characters of basic training phases is: systemic progress basic technique training and on top of basic difficulty motion; control load quantity and load intension strictly and load arrangement in proper sequence; train the elegancy shape, rhythm and expressive force of female to strengthen esthetical consciousness; bring up the specialization apperceive ability; cultivate modern training ideas, competition consciousness and forecast the possibility of switch to gymnastics training.The characters of improving ability training phases is that the more importance object is improve gymnastics competitive ability and major body stuff; training whole set motion and take part in correspond match so as to accumulate experience; development more difficulty motion and tide difficulty motion to improve innovation ability; the load of training increase year after year but must make a difference between difference gymnastics.The best competitive ability training phases`s characters as follow: accomplish whole set motion highly quality and hold the development trend to carry out technique innovation; prevent injured and enhance ability of body comeback; cultivate adamancy will so to improve stability of psychology and self-adjust ability; improve actual combat and series match ability by enhance tactics consciousness; avoirdupois control and body retain is more important for female gymnastics; the load is undulate and holding obvious rhythm and emphasize the increase of load intension.The main characters of competitive ability keeping training phases is: strengthen rhythm and aesthetic feeling of whole set motion and emphasize technique detail; watch out for the change of gymnastics regulation and adjust condition so to take part in competition; solve the main contradiction between body and technique training in order to improve colligation competitive ability; holding intension but decrease load quantity while pay attention to the rhythm changes of load intension; enhance the communication between coach and gymnast and practice individuation training.The influence factor about Chinese gymnast which accomplished overall perennial training is that: gymnast retreat from training while the society environmental has changed; the training technique is unscientific and cannot develop the potential of gymnast so as to make some injured; the management of person with ability is unreason to make waste about gymnast; the"third class"training system has some abuse which may influence the systemic of training; the system of competition and selection is faultiness so as to influence the development of gymnast.