From Rupture To Interaction-the Modern Transformation Research On The Oral Education Of Shanjiang Miao Nationality

As a ghetto of Miao nationality, Shanjiang lies in the Fenghuang county in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture. Because Miao nationality is letterless, its traditional cultural transmission depends on orality. With the entry of modern schooling, there appears a rupture between the schooling based on literacy and oral education based on orality in the school of district of Shanjiang. As a nation depending on orality to transmit culture, its oral education how to combine with modern schooling is a general problem in the district of southwest and other places of the world. So I will take Shanjiang as an example to explore the combined approach between oral education and schooling from the perspective of orality and literacy.Although there are abundant literature about orality, we must obtain the first-hand information about shanjiang oral education and schooling based on the field work. So adopting comparison method,the analytical method of media ecology and some anthropological research methods such as literature collection, participant observation and in-depth interview, the researcher explore the combined approach between the Shanjiang oral education of Miao nationality and the modern schooling.At the beginning of the dissertation, describing the life-word of Shanjiang, the researcher find they are fond of orality and they obtain necessary knowledge and skill from th oral education. Secondly, the researcher analyse the relationships among literacy, orality and education. Thirdly, the researcher analyses the category and characteristic of oral education of Shanjiang Miao nationality. Fourthly, based on the analysis of the history, status quo, the current problem and its reason of schooling in Shangjiang, the dissertation gives a detailed retrospect about the relationships among the ancient chinese word, printing and orality tradition. Lastly, from the perspective of orality and literacy, the researcher tries to explore the combined approach between schooling and oral education of Shanjiang Miao nationality, achieving the modern transformation of oral education in letterless nationality. Based on these efforts, the following is a summary of conclusions:First of all, in order to sustain the Miao orality context, the process of boarding school in ghetto should be slowed down in the implementation of education policy. Based on the important function of rural primary school in the course of culture transmission of Miao nationality, we should explore the appropriate pattern of boarding school combining with the rural primary school for the premise of respecting difference. Meanwhile it is very imporatant to reinforce the teaching staff and make sure the teacher of rural primary school is from this village or other adjacent villages. Furthermore, in order to promote teaching quality, teachers should be encouraged to exploit curriculum resources of local culture. In this way, the harmonious development between boarding school and rural primary school could be possible.Secondly, oral tradtion can be integrated into schooling from different aspects. 1)Oral practice are placed before reading and writing in the teaching program; 2)The proportion of oral practice and folk athletics games should be increased, and some oral tradition such as Miao Ancient Words, Miao song, Miao folklore, Han classical poetry,couplet and verse, can be integrated into schooling. In addition, some traditonal oral games of Miao nationality such as guessing riddles, storytelling, even some folk athletics games all can be good playful teaching elements in schooling.3)The modern transformation of oral education can be optimized by electronic media. So some excellent folk audio and video products can be integrated into schooling. Then the traditional cultural arts mastered by folk artists can be made into disc and broadcasted in school. Moreover, in order to achieve the osmosis of Miao traditional culture, Miao songs can be broadcasted in the spare time of school.Thirdly, schooling should be combined with community education. For one thing, school can invite the folk artist to teach students and participate all kinds of cultural activities. For another, students explore Miao traditional culture in village under the leadership of teachers.This research has important theoretical significances and practical significances. The significance of oral education on which human ever depended has been revealed through exploring the educational issue from the perspective of the conflict between orality and literacy. Then the special educational meaning of Miao oral culture transmission has been revealed with widening of the perspective of education research through the analysis about the oral education existing in the daily life and rituals in Shanjiang. In practice, exploring the difference and possible connection in function between Miao oral education based on orality and schooling based on literacy, the research presents the possible combined approach between oral education and schooling in Miao ghetto, and it has reference value about exploring the modern transformation of oral education in the letterless nationality. Of course, the conception of this research is theoretic now and it need education practice to testify.