On Design Of Classroom Work Of Geography In The New Curriculum Reform

Since the reformation of new curriculum, there has been a great mass fervour of classroom research. The viewpoint of research of the experts and scholars turns to practice from theory, walking up to classroom, focusing on classroom. This study bases on the new curriculum rationale. It starts with classroom observation, makes questionnaire survey and interviews with teachers and students, researches on the system of classroom work of geography in China, analyzes and draws lessons from the current teaching materials both in and out of China. It summarizes the characteristics,types and design principles of classroom work of geography. It also makes deep thinking and exploration of the design of classroom work of geography. This study is a classroom research of geography.The article is made up of six sections:The first section is introduction, which expounds the reason,significance and the current research both inland and outland of classroom work of geography. In this part, it also states the objects,contents,train of thought and the methods of this study.The second section is about the intension and extension of classroom work of geography. First, it expounds the two concepts of classroom work of geography. Then, it sums up four functions of classroom work of geography. The first function is promoting the accumulation of geography knowledge; the second is improving the subject ability of the students; the third function is promoting the attainment of the process and methods goal; the fourth function is promoting the cultivation of geographic emotion, attitude and values. At the last part of this section,it summarizes the four types of classroom work of geography, which is reading type,exploration type,operating type and discussion type.The third section is the theoretical foundation of the designing of classroom work of geography. First, it starts with the basis of classroom work of geography——the theory of educational psychology, absorbing the quintessence of the relative theory. The author sums up the relative researching results of the educational psychology of the world from the learning of students and the teaching of teachers, taking advantages of the constructivism theory,the theory of Multiple Intelligences,the theory of the Zone of Proximal Development and the theory of learning by doing, which makes the solid theory foundation of the designing of classroom work of geography. It make uses of the theories of instructional design and Curriculum and Teaching Methodology to seek ideas and ways for the designing of classroom work of geography.The fourth section is the existing condition analysis of classroom work of geography in China. First, it uses the methods of questionnaire and interview to survey the conscious,necessity,purpose,types,basis of classroom work and the occupied time in the implement of the designing of class work. It also surveys the originality,difficulty of class work and students'inclination to class work, which provides references for the designing of class work. Second, it systematically analyzes the system of class work of current classroom in China and of several versions of the current geographic teaching materials of middle and high schools. The author summarizes the present problems of designing of geographic class work, which includes:First, teachers largely ignore the link of class work; Second, the function of classwork is single, which appears as valuing memory and consolidation while despising practice and innovation; Third, the form of designing of class work is single, which appears as we lack class work to generate divergent thinking, and class work of practicalness,applicability,innovativeness and interestingness; Fourth, the designing and assignment of class work is with great randomness;Fifth, quantity of work is quite large, the content of class work is lack of suitability, the class work is absent of diversity; Sixth, the level of originality is low. Seventh, the assessment of class work is monotonous.The fifth section is analyzing and drawing lessons from the current teaching materials out of China. The article chooses the archetypal cases in geography-textbook of middle school of USA and Russia, contrasting with those of China, to overcome the limitations and to save the advantages, and to provide references for the designing of classroom work of geography in China.